【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 张正茂；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 粮食油脂及蛋白质工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦是世界上主要的粮食作物之一,又是重要的粮食加工工业原料和食品加工工业的间接原料。由于长期的人工选择和栽培,导致大量小麦优异基因丢失,为此小麦育种家通过远缘杂交的方法,把小麦近缘野生植物的有益基因导入小麦,以提高小麦抗逆性,提高品种的生产能力。冰草(Agropyroncristatum)是小麦近缘属冰草属(Agropron Gaertn.,Pgenome)的模式种,具有许多可供改良小麦的优异基因。普通小麦与冰草远缘杂交后,一系列的冰草外源优异基因得到了充分的表达,同时也改变了小麦的品质特性,因此研究小麦-冰草异源衍生系的品质特性对于科学地开发利用这类资源具有重要的科学和现实意义。本研究以国家或陕西省审定并大面积推广的6个主栽小麦品种为对照,采用国际(ICC)、国家(GB)标准分析方法,对16个小麦-冰草异源衍生系小麦籽粒的淀粉品质特性(总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、淀粉的黏度特性及淀粉膨胀体积)和蛋白质特性(蛋白质及其组分含量、湿面筋含量、SDS值和SIG值)进行了为期两年的实验研究,结果表明:1.小麦-冰草异源衍生系的平均淀粉含量低于对照品种;直链淀粉平均含量高于对照品种;平均糊化温度、平均峰值黏度都高于对照品种;面粉膨胀体积的平均值大于对照品种。小麦-冰草异源衍生系各个指标在品种间差异显著。2.小麦-冰草异源衍生系的平均蛋白质含量高于对照品种的平均蛋白质含量;清蛋白平均含量高于对照品种清蛋白平均含量;球蛋白的平均含量低于对照品种球蛋白的平均含量;谷蛋白平均含量两年中皆高于对照品种的平均谷蛋白含量,9-1-1-3、1-1-7、2-60-1的谷蛋白含量较高。3.小麦-冰草异源衍生系的平均湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值、SIG值皆高于对照品种。4. HMW-GS电泳分析显示,小麦-冰草异源衍生系的亚基组成有1/7+8/2+12、Null/7/5+10、1/7+9/2+12三种。其中,81.25%的小麦—冰草异源衍生系含有7+8优质亚基,亚基总评分为8分,由此可以看出小麦—冰草异源衍生系可以作为优质小麦杂交育种的优良供体材料。5.通过对供试样品的品质特性进行综合聚类分析表明:1-1-7、2-60-1、9-1-1-3、9-1-1-5在两年的结果中皆可聚为一类,说明这几个小麦-冰草异源衍生系材料的籽粒品质特性相近,籽粒品质表现优于其它小麦-冰草异源衍生系材料和对照品种。6.小麦-冰草异源衍生系淀粉品质特性(总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、淀粉的黏度特性及淀粉膨胀体积)和蛋白质特性(蛋白质及其组分含量、湿面筋含量、SDS值和SIG值)年际间存在差异,但差异不显著,这可能与生长环境有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The starch properties (starch content in wheat granule, amylase content, viscosity properties of starch, flour swelling volume) and protein properties (protein content, protein compositions, wet gluten contents, SDS sedimentation values, swelling indexes of glutenin(SIG), HMW-GS compositions)were studied. The sample were taken by NWSUAF Food scince & engineering college Zhang zhengmao, who selection breeding the triticum aestivum L_ agropyron cristatum L. gaertn heterologous derived lines (TAHDL), and using six wheat varieties certified by the national authority of China and the provincial authority of Shaanxi concerned and Cultivated over a large area as its control.The result shown:1.The averaged starch content, amylase content of THDAL were lower than the CK; averaged past temperature, peak viscosity higher than CK; average of FSV higher than CK. The starch quality indictor of TAHDL had a significant difference between wheat variety.2 The averaged protein content of THDAL were higher than CK; albumin content higher than CK; globulin content lower than CK; averaged glutenin content higher than CK in two years; 9-1-1-3,1-1-7,2-60-1 have higher glutenin conent.3 The averaged wet gluten contents, SDS sedimentation values and SIG were higher than CK.4 HMW-GS Analysis by electrophoresis showed that there 3 Subunits combination : 1/7+8/2+12,Null/7/5+10,1/7+9/2+12. 81.25% of the TAHDL had the good Subunits combination 7+8, score of subunits is 8.5 The result of clusteing analysis on sample varieties quality shown that 1-1-7, 2-60-1, 9-1-1-3, 9-1-1-5 were division in same group, indicate those sample have similar quality characteristic, kernel quality better than other THDAL materials and CK.更多还原