【作者】 杨华；

【导师】 张显；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 蔬菜种植， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 有机生态型无土栽培技术是我国近年来研发的一项无土栽培新技术。超过全国无土栽培总面积的60%,该技术在甘肃省的天水地区及其酒泉地区已试验成功并应用于生产。而在陇东地区刚刚起步,本文论述了国内外无土栽培技术及其有机生态型无土栽培技术的研究现状及特点,针对陇东地区的特点,对日光温室内无土栽培番茄进行了探索性的研究,获得以下研究结果,可为该地区无公害蔬菜生产提供依据。1.通过对不同基质的配方试验研究,利用有机废弃物如:玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、葵花秸秆、锯末等以及炉渣、菇渣的不同比例组合,配制6种无土栽培基质,并进行了与大田土壤的对比试验,分析6种基质配方组合对番茄生长及产量和品质的影响。从研究结果来看,以玉米秸秆、葵花秸秆、菇渣、锯末为有机物料混配基质比以小麦秸秆等其它物料混配的基质,对番茄生长发育和产量品质等有更好效果,而其基质容量小,总孔隙度大,增加透水透气性,基质中养分碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等有机质含量明显高于对照。结果表明:炉渣∶玉米秸秆∶锯末∶菇渣=5∶2∶1∶2和炉渣∶葵花秸秆∶锯末∶菇渣=5∶2∶1∶2的配比比较理想。因陇东地区主产小麦、玉米,其秸秆来源充足,经济效益好,可以促进当地无土栽培的发展。2.采用两因素正交设计,进行不同配方施肥试验。结果表明:基质选择A₁在产量抗病性等方面效果比A₂、A₃更好。在同样以A₁和A₂、A₃为基质的组合中,各配方施肥A₁B₂增产效果最为明显,追施B₂即:高温消毒鸡粪2.0kg/m³,油渣1.0 kg/m³,硫酸铵0.2 kg/m³,磷酸二铵0.10 kg/m³,硫酸钾0.3 kg/m³,组合增产效果更显著,最大增产幅度高达56.01%,其果实在含糖量、VC和碳水化合物含量较有明显的增加。A₁在组合中分别比对照提高25.58%,13.63%,27.08%。经济效益显著。3.通过不同的灌水量的试验。结果表明:秋茬温室番茄中后期适宜灌水量为700-900ml·株^-1·d^-1,基质适宜含水量为69.3%-80%。春茬温室番茄适宜灌水量为前期500-600ml·株^-1·d^-1,中期800-900ml·株^-1·d^-1,后期1400ml·株^-1·d^-1,基质含水量应大于70%。不同灌水量对春茬番茄影响比秋茬大。秋茬可适当控水,春茬番茄随着植株的生长和温度升高及时调整灌水量。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is new technique of soilless culture technology that eco - organic type soilless culture technology recently in China. The area of eco - organic type soilless culture is about 60% of soilless culture. This technology has application in tainshui and jiuquan area of gansu. The application of this technology in longdong is come into use. This paper discusses the further development strategy of soilless culture technology and eco - organic type soilless culture in world. The soilless culture technique of tomato inside solar greenhouse in longdong area was studied in this paper. The result of this experiments provides the theory basis for pollution-free vegetable production in longdong area.Effects of six different substrates formula on plant growth, development, yield and quality of tomato was studied The substrates were organic wastes such as corn straw, wheat straw, sunflower straw, sawdust, slag, mushroom dregs and so on. They were assembled according to different proportion and species. According to the examination results, the best substrate formula is corn straw, sunflower straw, mushroom dregs and sawdust. it had definite influence on plant growth, development, yield and quality. The bulk density this substrate formula was lower. Porosity is high with predominant penetrability. The content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available Potassium is higher than control group. The best substrate formula was slag︰corn straw︰sawdust︰mushroom dregs﹦5︰2︰1︰2 and slag︰sunflower straw︰sawdust︰mushroom dregs﹦5︰2︰1︰2. There is main product area of wheat and corn in longdong. The crop straw is cheap and abundance.The examination of different formula fertilization were design by two factor orthogonal. The efficiency of substrate A₁ was better than the A₂ and A₃ on yield and disease resistance. B₂ was uperization chicken manure（2.0kg/m³）, oil residue（1.0kg/ m³）, ammonium sulphate（0.2kg/ m³）, Diammonium Phosphate（0.10kg/ m³）, Potassium Sulfate（0.3kg/ m³）. The substrate assembled of A₁ and B₂ was better than A₁ and B₂, A₂ and B₂, A₃ and B₂. in effect to increase production. The increase production was 56.01%. content of Vc, sugar and carbohydrates was increased in evidence. A₁ and B₂ increased by 22.58%, 13.63% and 27.08% compared with the control respectively. Economic benefit is remarkable. Suitable irrigation to tomato was 700-900ml/plant/day in green house autumn crop during the middle and late stage of tomato development. The suitable moisture content of substrate was 69.3-80.0%. Suitable irrigation to tomato was 500-600ml/plant/day, 800-900ml/plant/day and 1400ml/plant/day in green house spring crop during the prophase, middle and late stage of tomato development respectively. The suitable moisture content of substrate is more than 70%. Effect of different irrigation on spring crop more than autumn crop. Autumn crop should cut down irrigation adequate. Spring crop should adjust irrigation with the growth and temperature increased.更多还原