【作者】 安孟林；

【导师】 李丙智；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验对新型杀菌剂-10%杀菌优(Toshin)水剂在苹果病害防治方面的应用技术进行了研究,提出了杀菌优在苹果园的主要防治病害、使用浓度及次数与时间,得出以下结论:1、对叶片褐斑病的防治,全年喷药8次,其中喷杀菌优600倍液3次和波尔多液2次,甲基托布津1次。在三原试验园,对褐斑病的防治效果可达85.31%;在泾阳试验园,防治效果可达83.48%。2、对叶片斑点落叶病的防治,宝丽安1500倍液防治斑点落叶病效果最好,杀菌优600倍液次之,且两者之间差异不显著。杀菌优600倍和800倍防治斑点落叶病效果均在85%以上,且差异不显著。杀菌优每666.7㎡成本为5-6元,而宝丽安为15-16元。杀菌优的价格比宝丽安低70%左右。3、对果实轮纹烂果病的防治,全年喷药8次,其中喷杀菌优600倍液3次和波尔多液2次,甲基托布津1次。在三原试验园,对轮纹烂果病的防治效果可达90.58%;在泾阳试验园,防治效果可达87.36%。4、对果实霉心病的防治,在三原和泾阳的两个试验园中,杀菌优600倍液和800倍液防治霉心病的效果均达85%以上,且之间差异不显著。选用杀菌优800倍液在开花前后喷布成本低,安全性高,防效显著。5、杀菌优喷布次数和成本分析,从试验可以看出,杀菌优对苹果早期落叶病(褐斑病和斑点落叶病)、苹果轮纹病和炭疽病、霉心病等均具有良好的防治效果。在陕西渭北地区,全年喷8次杀菌剂比较适宜,个别病害严重果园可喷10次。一般在5-7月,可间隔喷布2次杀菌优,再交替喷布一些常规杀菌剂,如多菌灵、甲基托布津、波尔多液、代森锰锌、农抗120、多抗霉素等,基本可以控制苹果早期落叶病、苹果轮纹病和炭疽病、霉心病等发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of a new type bactericide, 10% Toshin aqua in control of apple tree disease was studied in the experiment. The main controlled diseases, concentration, frequency and time of Toshin spray in apple orchards were proposal. The conclusions are as follows:1 To control apple leaf brown spot (Marssmina mali (P.Henn)Ito), Toshin spray should be applied eight times in year round, including three times of 600-fold Toshin solution, two times of bordeaux mixture and once of thiophanate methyl. In the orchard of Sanyuan, the control effect on Marssmina mali leaf spot of apple can be reached 85.31%, while it reached to 83.48% in the orchard of Jingyang county.2 To control apple alternaria leaf spot (Aalternaria mali Roberts), the control effect could be best if 1500-fold polyoxin solution were be used, while 600-fold Toshin solution take the second place in control effect, the difference between two chemicals control effect was not significant. The control effect of both 600 and 800-fold Toshin solution can be reached more than 85% and the difference on control effect was not significant. The cost of Toshin was 5-6 Yuan while the cost of polyoxin was 15-16 Yuan per 666.7 square meters, cost of Toshin was lower than 70% that of polyoxin3 To control apple fruit ring rot (Botrysphaeria ribis (Tode) Grossenb. et Dugg.), antiseptic spray should be applied eight times in year around, including three times of 600-fold Toshin solution, two times of bordeaux mixture and once of thiophanate methyl. The control effect of apple fruit rot can be reached 90.58% in the orchard of Sanyuan, while it was 87.36% in the orchard of Jingyang county.4 The control effect of fruit core rot {(Trichothecium roseum LK. ex Fr.) and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.)} can be more than 85% by using 600 or 800-fold Toshin solution in two experiment orchards of Sanyuan and Jingyang, and the difference was not significant. Spray Toshin around bloom would cost less and fruit would be safer, and control effect would be more significant.5 Analyses from the spray frequency and the cost of Toshin application, control effects of Toshin on apple leaf early drop disease (Marssmina mali and Alternaria mali leaf spot) and apple fruit ring rot (Botrysphaeria ribis) and apple fruit anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata ), and apple core rot could be better. In the area of Shanxi Weibei, it is suitable to apply eight times in year round. If the disease is serious, antiseptic should be applied ten times in year round. The Toshin should be applied generally two times from May to July, some conventional antiseptic, such as carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, bordeaux mixture, Mancozeb, Antibiotic 120 and polyoxin should be sprayed alternatively between two Toshin sprays, the apple leaf early drop disease, apple fruit rot, apple fruit anthracnose and fruit core rot could be controlled very effectively.更多还原