【作者】 王冲；

【导师】 孟全省；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 加强生态建设,维护生态安全,是我国经济社会可持续发展、人与自然和谐相处的重要基础。随着我国经济的发展,生态环境日益恶化,给我国造成巨大损失。1998年发生的特大洪水就与生态环境恶化,尤其是森林资源数量减少和森林资源质量退化密切相关。此后,森林的生态功能以及林业问题开始受到社会的广泛关注。目前,经济和社会发展对林业的主导需求已表现为强烈的生态需求。加快发展生态公益林,已成为经济社会发展的内在要求。本研究以可持续发展理论为指导,以林业经济理论、产权理论、制度创新理论作为理论基础,从生态公益林建设现状入手,在运用成本收益分析法和利益矛盾分析法对生态公益林建设现状进行简单的经济学分析后,提出必须通过森林资源产权制度创新和生态效益补偿制度创新来加快生态公益林建设。随后对这两种制度目前存在的问题即林业产权残缺和生态效益补偿缺损问题进行了探讨,在此基础上提出了两种制度各自的创新路径,以求为促进生态公益林建设工作提供决策参考。林权制度和生态效益补偿制度是影响我国生态公益林建设的两种主要制度。目前,这两种制度存在残缺或缺损问题,这些问题主要有:林权界定不清,林权缺乏有效保护,林权流转不畅;生态效益补偿对象狭窄,补偿标准偏低,补偿期限不合理,补偿资金来源单一、总量不足,资金使用效率不高。这些问题的存在已经影响了我国生态公益林建设的正常发展。因此,需要针对这两种制度存在的问题进行制度创新,消除影响公益林发展的制度障碍。本文认为:林业产权制度创新的主要内容包括明晰林权,有效保护林权和推动林权的顺畅流转等三个方面;生态效益补偿制度创新的主要内容包括完善公益林征用(管制占用)制度,引入BOT建设方式,推动碳补偿贸易,促进生态公益林生产市场化等方面。林业产权制度创新是生态效益补偿制度创新的基础,生态效益补偿制度创新是林业产权制度创新的保障,两者相辅相成、密不可分。另外,生态公益林并不像国防、行政那样属于纯公共物品,只能由政府来提供,它实际上是一种准公共物品,完全可以引入市场机制,其中的一部分由私人来提供。更多还原

【Abstract】 To strengthen the ecological construction and maintain the ecological security,which are the important foundation of sustainable development of Chinese economy and society and harmonious coexistence of Man and Nature. As the economic development in China,the eco-environment becomes worse and worse,which cause badly effect and lots of losses. The 1998-Flood had some relation with eco-environment deterioration,especially closely with the deduction and degeneration of forest resource. At present,the main-demand to forest resource of economy & society development has appeared to be badly eco-demand. Speeding up the development of ecological forest has become the inner demand of economy & society development.This paper is directed with on the theory of Sustainable Development,and mainly based on the Forest Economics Theory , Property Right Theory and Institutional Innovation Theory. From the situation of construction on ecological forest,using the method of cost-benefit analysis and interest contradiction analysis,this paper proposes to speed up the building of ecological forest by the innovation in forest resource property right system and compensation systems for forest ecological benefits,and then discuss the present problems and proposed ways of innovation of these two theories,wishes to proceed the ecological forest system.Forest resource property right system and compensation systems for forest ecological benefits are the main systems that affect the building of ecological forest. Presently,these two systems have some defects. forest resource property right is unclear, forest resource property right lacks effective protection, forest resource property right market movement is blocked; the object of compensation systems for forest ecological benefits is narrow, the standard of compensation is low, the deadline of compensation is unreasonable, the fund for compensation is unmixed, the total quantity is insufficient, using efficiency of fund is not high. These defaults have impacted the normally development of ecological forest. So,we need Institutional innovation to cover these defaults and eliminate the institutional barriers. In this paper,forest resource property right system innovation involves clearing forest resource property right,effective protecting for forest resource property right and promoting forest resource property right enter the market. compensation systems for forest ecological benefits cover perfecting ecological forest requisition,bringing in BOT mode,promoting carbon-offset market and market operation of ecological forest’s production.The innovation in forest resource property right system is the base of innovation in the compensation systems for forest ecological benefits,and the innovation in the compensation systems for forest ecological benefits are the security of the Innovation in forest resource property right system. These two ways are combination and close. In another way,ecological forest does not belong to pure public goods,in fact,it is a kind of impure public goods and can be fully put into market,parts of it can be provided by person.更多还原