【作者】 满明俊；

【导师】 罗剑朝；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 区域经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国实行粗放型的发展模式,虽然经济一直保持持续高速增长,但同时却付出了惨痛的自然资源及环境代价。特别是西北地区的生态环境遭到了严重的,甚至毁灭性的破坏,像98年的特大洪水及接连不断的沙尘暴等自然灾害已经越来越多地给人们的生命财产安全带来危害。因此,1999年国家提出要采取“退田还林、封山绿化、个体承包,以粮代赈”的措施,在全国全面起动退耕还林还草工程。由于退耕还林工程属于公共物品范畴,所以应该由国家公共财政给以全面的支持。但我国是财力有限的发展中国家,因此,退耕还林工程所能够带来的效益成为国家政策走向和财政投入的依据。本文按照“理论背景—现状研究—实证分析—政策建议”的路线,研究我国西北地区退耕还林工程中财政投资的效益以及所存在的问题。在相关理论研究的基础上,首先,从我国退耕还林工程的基本情况入手,总结和评析世界各国历年来所开展森林生态工程的经验,对比各具特色的投入与支持模式,并依据我国退耕还林工程实施中的特点,探索公共财政支出的职能差异性。其次,考察我国西北地区退耕还林工程从试点开始以来的七年间发展变化情况以及国家的宏观政策走势,并运用年鉴数据,从省域范围内对比分析公共财政对退耕还林工程投入的规模与结构。第三,利用实地调查数据与资料,以陕西省为典型,结合全省综合状况与样本县现状两个层面,从经济、社会、生态三个方面分析退耕前后,工程投入所产生的效益。最后,围绕与退耕还林绩效相关的农民利益、补偿机制、政策导向等问题提出提高西北地区退耕还林工程中财政投资效益的建议。论文的可能创新之处:1.以西北地区退耕还林工程实施情况为基础,分析工程建设阶段、后期巩固阶段以及工程结束后维护阶段的各自特点和公共属性,对公共财政投资在工程不同阶段的职能进行定位。2.以西北五省退耕还林工程中公共财政投资状况研究为切入点,重点结合陕西省宏观层面与米脂、吴起两个样本县的微观层面,从退耕前后,退耕农户与非退耕农户两个纬度实证分析公共财政对工程投入的结构与规模,以及随工程的开展所产生的经济、社会与生态效益。3.对退耕还林下一阶段工程中,如何提高财政投资效益给予合理的相关政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since our country carried on the reforming and opening policy, we took the extensive type development models into practice, Although the economy remain to keep on a high-speed growth, but it actually has paid the expensive natural resource and the environment cost in the sametime. Especially, in the Northwest area , the ecological environment has encountered seriously, even ruinously destruction, Just like the 1998 year’s catastrophic flood and continuously sandstorms which seriously harmed the safety of people’s life and property. As a result, in 1999, the nation puts forward the measure which to adopt“returning farmland to forests, closing off hills for afforestation, providing grain relief to make up for crop losses and contracting reforesting projects to individuals”, all this means the beginning of Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Projects.Because the Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Projects belongs to the public goods category, therefore, national public finance has the duty to support it comprehensively. But our country’s financial resource is limited, so the national policy and the financial investment direction must based on the benefit of the program . This article defers to“the theory background - present situation researching - data analysis - policy suggestion”. Researching the benefit of the fiscal investment on the project and the existing problem . According to the related principle, firstly, inspecting from the situation of Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Projects, commenting on and analyzing the experiment of all the countries in the world which even carried on such programs and contrasting each characteristic of the investment and the support pattern, then Investigate the invest function difference of public finance. Secondly, Inspecting the program development situation in the northwest area as well as the national macroscopic policy trend for the seven years, and using the data form Statistics yearbook, Contrast and analysis the investment scale and the structure of the public finance on the Projects from the north west province territory scope Using the data collected by survey, take Shaanxi province as the case ,and then, Unified the entire province synthesis condition and the sample county present situation, evaluate the current social, economical, and ecological benefit before and after the beginning of the Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Projects ,at last, around with problem such as farmer welfare, compensate mechanism, policy guidance which related with the benefits of project, put forward the suggestion which raises the effecting of fiscal investment.Creative point:(1) Take the present condition of the Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Projects in north west area as the basis, Analyzing the public character of the project between the different stage such as the construction stage, the consolidated stage as well as the conservation stage. Then make the localization to the public financial investment in the different stage.(2) take the five provinces in north west area as the case , investigate the situation of fiscal investment, Combining prioritly the macroscopic view of Shaanxi Province and the microscopic view of Mizhi and Wu qi two sample counties meanwhile with the two latitudes between project in front and back and peasant household withdraw or not the farmland, researching the investment Structure and scale of the project and the current social, economical, and ecological benefit.(3) give some appropriate suggestion to enhance the financial investment effection in the next stage of the Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Project.更多还原