【作者】 熊亚梅；

【导师】 梁银丽； 杜社妮；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 针对我国蔬菜生产中由于不合理灌溉和施肥而导致的蔬菜品质下降及环境污染风险提高等实际情况,本文研究了5个水分水平(W1、W2、W3、W4、W5,土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的50～60%、60～70%、70～80%、80～90%、90～100%)对日光温室西葫芦耗水量及产量的影响,6个氮肥水平(N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6,施氮水平分别为0、61.71、123.43、185.14、246.86、308.57kg/hm2纯氮)对甘蓝产量和品质及土壤硝态氮含量的影响,5个水分水平(W1、W2、W3、W4、W5,土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的30～40%、45～55%、60～70%、75～85%、90～100%)与3个氮肥水平(N1、N2、N3,分别为61.71、123.43、185.14 kg/hm2纯氮)耦合对日光温室豇豆产量和品质及土壤环境的互作效应,主要研究结果如下:1.土壤含水量下限为70%(W3)时,西葫芦产量最高。综合考虑产量构成诸因子,得出为合理利用水资源,将土壤水分控制在田间持水量的70%～80%较为适宜。2.随着施氮量的增加,甘蓝的NO3 ? ?N含量明显增加,而Vc和可溶性糖含量则逐渐下降;随着施氮量的增加,甘蓝产量呈现先升高后降低趋势,并于施氮水平为185.14 kg/hm2时最高;随着施氮量的增加,残留在土壤中的NO3 ? ?N含量持续增加。为达到优质高产并同时保持土壤的可持续利用和提高氮肥利用率,建议生产实践中甘蓝的较佳氮肥施用量约为185.14 kg/hm2纯氮。3.日光温室条件下,水氮协调供应有利于豇豆增产,获得最高产量的水氮处理是W3N2。豇豆可溶性糖含量随施氮量增加而升高,受水分影响却不大,最高的处理为W4N3;豇豆Vc含量最高的处理是W3N2,水氮水平过高或过低都会使其降低;豇豆硝态氮含量在低水低氮(W1N1)下最低,随施氮量和土壤水分的增加都有相应提高。4.豇豆开花初荚期土壤呼吸在W2N2处理下达到峰值,结荚盛期则在W3N2处理下达到峰值;加大水分和氮肥会抑制土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,水氮水平适中能促进土壤蔗糖酶活性的提高。土壤水分和氮肥用量增加对提高土壤有机质和碱解氮含量的作用较小;土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量随水分和氮肥水平的升高而降低。5.土壤水分控制在田间持水量的60%～70%、氮肥施用量约为123.43 kg/hm2纯氮的水氮水平对提高豇豆的产量、品质及保持土壤的可持续利用较为适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aming at the facts of vegetables quality decreasing and environment pollution risk arising due to unreasonable irrigation and fertilization, in this experiment, effects of 5 soil moisture levels(50～60%、60～70%、70～80%、80～90%、90～100% of field moisture capacity)on water consumption and yield of summer squash in solar greenhouse,effects of 6 nitrogen levels (0、61.71、123.43、185.14、246.86、308.57 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen) on yield、quality and soil NO3 ? ?N content of cabbage,couple effects of water(30～40%、45～55%、60～70%、75～85%、90～100% of field moisture capacity) and nitrogen (61.71、123.43、185.14 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen)on yield、quality and soil environment of cowpea in solar greenhouse were studied. The main results as follow:1. Under 70%～80%(W3)relative soil moisture, yield of summer squash was highest. It concluded that soil water content should be controlled under 70%～80% of field moisture content in order to utilize water resources reasonably.2. NO3 ? ?Ncontents of cabbage and soil increased with the nitrogen levels arise. However, Vc and soluble sugar content of fresh cabbage decreased with the increasing of nitrogen. Yield of cabbage was highest under nitrogen fertilizer as 185.14 kg/hm2(N4). For human health, nitrogen level should be maintained around 185.14 kg/hm2.3. The yield of cowpea was advanced under coordination between water and nitrogen and up to highest under W3N2 (60～70% of field moisture capacity and 123.43 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen). Soluble sugar content was advanced by nitrogen supply increasing, and up to highest under W4N3,but influenced little by soil moisture. Vc content of cowpea arised the peak under W3N2, but deceased when levels of water and nitrogen were too high or too low. NO3 ? ?N content of cowpea was improved with water and nitrogen level increasing.4. At the early-pod stage after blossoming, soil respiration reached peak under W2N2, but showed peak values under W3N2 at blossoming stage; the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited with the increasing of water and nitrogen. The invertase activity was advanced under moderate levels of water and nitrogen. Organic matter and available N in soil were advanced a little with water and nitrogen increased properly; available K and available P in soil were decreased with water and nitrogen levels arised.5. The optimum results derived from nitrogen123.43 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen and water 60～70% of field moisture capacity by considering all index.更多还原