【作者】 岳军伟；

【导师】 康永祥；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究旨在通过对黄龙山林区辽东栎种群分布格局、数量动态、群落生物多样性和优势种生态位特征的研究,深刻了解辽东栎群落系统的生态学规律,包括种群的动态变化、格局的成因、辽东栎群落内各种群对资源的利用状况和种间竞争机制。为更深入的探讨辽东栎群落的演替提供科学依据,为更好的经营和保护黄龙山林区的现有森林资源提供理论指导,做到对辽东栎林资源的合理开发、永续利用,为生态环境的改善和生态系统的重建和恢复提供指导。研究结果表明:1.辽东栎种群的存活曲线整体上趋于DeeveyⅢ型。种群死亡率高峰出现在Ⅲ龄级和Ⅻ龄级的年龄阶段,波动频率高,且变化幅度也较大,这与黄龙山林区人为活动频繁密切相关。而谱分析表明在辽东栎种群自然更新过程中存在着周期性。2.辽东栎种群总体属集群分布,格局强度在不同尺度上存在差异,聚集性最强尺度发生在25m2面积上。各发育阶段基本属于聚集型分布,随年龄增加辽东栎种群聚集强度逐渐减弱。这说明,种群空间分布与生境条件、种群生物学特性紧密相关,辽东栎种群分布格局随年龄的变化可以看作种群生存策略的调整。3.通过聚类分析把辽东栎划分为6个群丛,分别为A辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)—土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens);B辽东栎一虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana);C辽东栎一胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor);D辽东栎一水栒子(Cotoneasten multtflorus);E辽东栎—白刺花(Sophora viciifolia);F辽东栎一黄蔷薇(Rosa hugonis)。另外,通过各类型辽东栎林和不同坡向各林分的生物多样性计算,结果表明各群落多样性指数与其所处的生境条件密切相关,坡向对物种多样性分布起主导作用,但本质上是水分因子的作用。4.辽东栎群落优势种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠研究结果表明:乔木层辽东栎、白桦、油松种群的生态位宽度较大,LNB值分别为1.4611、1.4132、1.2588,它们两俩之间生态位重叠值亦较大(Oik>0.7);土庄绣线菊、虎榛子、铁杆蒿和黄蔷薇等灌木生态位宽度大(LNB>1),是辽东栎林下常见的灌木种类,这与其在该区分布的广域性和生态适应性强有关;披针叶苔草、华北风毛菊、草地早熟禾和大油芒是草本层的优势种,具有较宽的生态位,LNB值分别为1.4456、1.2841、1.0603、1.0573;种群生态位宽度越大,对资源的利用能力也就越强;生态位重叠值越大,种群间的生态相似性越大,利用资源的相似性程度越高。5.根据研究结果,在未来辽东栎林的经营利用方面,应做到以下两点:1.对不同群落类型应采取分类经营的措施,以充分发挥其最佳生态和经济效益。2.对辽东栎群落内生境施以轻度人为干扰,提高种子到幼苗的转化率。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research aimed at profound understand systemic ecological rules of Quercus liaotungensis community,including population dynamic variety,cause of formation of the spatial pattern,the ability to use resources of every population of Quercus liaotungensis communities and competition mechanism of populations according to investigating the spatial pattern of population、quantitative dynamics、biodiversity and dominant species niche of Quercus liaodunensis communities in Huanglong Mt. of Shannxi. The result can provide scientific basis for embedded probe into succession of Quercus liaotungensis communities and advanced management and protection of the existing forest resources in Huanglong Mt.forest region, realize the rational exploitation and eternal sustaining utilization; offer supervise for the ameliorating environments, rebuilding and restoring ecosystem. The results are as follows:1.Survival curve of Quercus liaotungensis population trend to DeeveyⅢin the whole.Flood tide of appeared inⅢage stage andⅫage stage, fluctuate frequency is high and the change scope is great.It had closed correlation to frequently activities of man.The results of spectral analysis showed that Quercus liaotungensis population renovate course occurred periodicity.2.Quercus liaotungensis population take on aggregated distribution in the whole ,but the spatial pattern intensity occurred differences at different scale, the highest aggregating intensity appeared at the quadrat of 25m2. It presented an aggregating distribution at different growth stages, As Quercus liaotungensis populations be-came older,their aggre-gating intensities came down; The spatial distribution of the populations closely related to their biological and ecological characteristics and habitat conditions ,the pattern of the spatial population distribution of Quercus liaotungensis changed as age-stage can regarded as transformation of survival politic3.Quercus liaotungensis communities can be classified into six association types by clustering method, namely A. Quercus liaotungensis—Spiraea pubescens B. Quercus liaotungensis—Ostryopsis davidiana C. Quercus liaotungensis—Lespedeza bicolor D.Quercus liaotungensis—Cotoneaster multtflorus E. Quercus liaotungensis—Sophora viciifolia VCF. Quercus liaotungensis—Rosa hugonis. Additionally, by means of the calculation of the species diversity of different Quercus liaotungensis forest and different slope, it is shown that diversity indices of each community relate closely with the their habitats; the slope directions are main factors influencing the species diversity on the indices ,actually it is water that influences them.4.The results of research of niche breadth and niche overlap of the dominant populations in Quercus liaotungensis communities,it is shown that comparing with other species, the niche breadth of Quercus liaotungensis,Pinus tabulaeformis and Betula platyphylla is bigger (LNB=1.4611,1.4132,1.2588 respectively) and the niche overlap is bigger among them too(Oik>0.7); the niche breadth of Spiraea pubescens、Ostryopsis davidiana、Atermisia sacrorum and Rosa hugonis, that are common species in Quercus liaotungensis communities, is bigger than other shrub species because they are greatly adaptive and distribute widely in the area; the niche breadth of Carex lanceolata、Saussurea mongolica、Poa pratensis and Spodiopogon sibiricus is greater than other grass species (LNB=1.4456,1.2841,1.0603,1.0573 respectively); the more the niche breadth of the populations is, the greater the ability to use resources is; the bigger the niche overlap value is, the more similar the ecological character is and the greater the similarity of using resources is.5.According to the results of research,two points should be followed in future Quercus liaotungensis forest management and utilization,one point,we should adapt different measure on different communities in order to exerting the best ecological and economic benefit.another point, imposing light jamming on survival environment of Quercus liaotungensis communities to improve the seed conversion rate to the seedling.更多还原