【作者】 宋志韬；

【导师】 陈立新；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用了对比分析方法，对不同林龄、不同配置方式退化草牧场防护林(网格状、带状、疏林)和无林草牧场的土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质进行了研究。结果显示：(1)相同林龄网格状草牧场防护林与带状草牧场防护林相比，网格状草牧场防护林土壤过氧化氢酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性、土壤全N、水解氮均高于带状草牧场防护林，且均达到显著水平；网格状草牧场防护林土壤有机质、腐殖质含碳量、胡敏酸、富里酸均高于带状草牧场防护林，但未达到显著水平。疏林草牧场内土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性，水解氮、有效磷、有机质、腐殖质、富里酸含量均高于无林草牧场；(2)网格状草牧场防护林土壤全氮、水解氮含量和速效钾含量，从林龄1年到林龄5年，随林龄的增大而增大，从5年到25年，随林龄的增大而降低；土壤有效磷含量与土壤磷酸酶总量变化规律一致。网格状草牧场防护林林带内与网格内草牧场土壤有机质含量、胡敏素含量，以及网格内草牧场土壤富里酸组分，从林龄1年到林龄15年，随林龄的增大而增加，在林龄15年以后降低，且各年龄之间差异不显著；(3)与疏林草牧场防护林相比，不同年龄网格状防护林土壤的饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量、土壤非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度均减少，土壤容重均增加；(4)网格状草牧场防护林土壤磷酸酶活性、土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性、蛋白酶活性和脲酶活性与土壤有效磷、有机质含量、腐殖质组分和水解氮存在明显的相关性；(5)运用主分量分析法，对所选的不同年龄网格状草牧场防护林及带状草牧场防护林、疏林和无林草牧场土壤质量进行了综合评分，将林分得分进行排序，结果为：网格状草牧场防护林＞带状防护林＞疏林＞无林草牧场；网格状草牧场防护林不同林龄排序为5年＞15年＞25年＞2年＞1年。更多还原

【Abstract】 The soil enzyme activities, physico-chemical properties were studied in pasturelandshelterbelts at different ages and arrangements (grid-shaped, belt-shaped, sparse pasturelandshelterbelts)and non-forest pastureland by the method of comparison and analysis.The resultsshowed that: (1) The soil catalase activity, polyphenoloxidase activity, sucrase activitiy, ureaseactivity, protease activity, total N and hydrolyzable nitrogen in the grid-shaped pasturelandshelterbelts were all higher than those in the belt-shaped pastureland shelterbelts at the sameage, and their differences were significant. The organic matter, organic carbon of soil humus,humic acid and fulvic acid in the grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelts were also higher thanthose in the grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelts, but their differences were not signifcant. Theurease activity, catalase activity, polyphenoloxidase activity, sucrase activitiy, hydrolyzablenitrogen, available phosphorous, soil organic matter, carbon content of soil humus, fulvic acidwere higher in sparse pastureland shelterbelts than those in non-forest pastureland; (2) Thecontents of total N, hydrolyzable nitrogen and rapidly available K in grid-shaped pasturelandshelterbelts rised with their ages increasing from 1 to 5-year’s old, and these content changeshad an opposite tendency from 5 to 25-year’s old; The change rule of the content of available Pwas the same as that of the soil phosphatase activity. The contents of organic matter and huminwithin grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelts and in pastureland protected by it, the fulvic acidwithin grid-shaped pastureland shelterbelts increased over their ages from 1 to 15-year’s old,but they decreased after 15-year’s old. For the same factor, there was not significant differencebetween different age stages; (3) The saturated water content, capillary soil water content, andfield capacity of soil, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, total porosity of grid-shapedpastureland shelterbelts at different ages were lower than those of sparse pastureland shelterbelt,but the soil bulk density was higher; (4) The soil phosphatase activities, sucrase activities,catalase activities, protease activities and urease activities of grid-shaped pasturelandshelterbelts were obviously correlated with the content of soil available phosphorus, organicmatter, humus compositions and hydrolyzable nitrogen; (5) The soil qualities of differentarrangements of the degenerated pastureland shelterbelt (grid-shaped, belt-shaped, sparsepastureland shelterbelts) and non-forest pastureland were comprehensively evaluated by themethod of principal component analysis. Their order of different arrangements of pasturelandshelterbelts was that: grid-shaped＞belt-shaped＞sparse＞non-forest pastureland; Their order ofgrid-shaped pastureland shelterbelt of different ages was that: 5＞15＞25＞2＞1-year’s old.更多还原