【作者】 唐敬轩；

【导师】 詹亚光；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林生物工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以白桦（Betula platyphylla）叶片、叶柄愈伤组织为材料，对诱变后的愈伤组织分化和再生植株的生根情况与染色体数量变异进行了研究，并对辐射诱变后再生植株基因组DNA变异进行了AFLP分析，结果如下：1．经γ射线和EMS处理后，愈伤组织的生长受到抑制，分化率显著降低。⁶⁰Coγ，诱变愈伤组织的半致死剂量为20Gy，该剂量的愈伤组织分化率为53.2％。2用EMS诱变白桦叶柄愈伤组织，得到半致死剂量为：5h为0.3％、4h为0.5％、3h为0.7％、1h为1.0％；致死剂量为：4.5h为0.7％、2h为1.0％。用EMS诱变白桦叶片愈伤组织，得到半致死剂量为：6h为0.3％、5h为0.5％、2h为0.7％、1h为1.0％；致死剂量为：4h为0.7％、3h为1.0％。3．γ射线处理后的植株变异率在80.68％以上，而腋芽增殖的组培苗的变异率仅为31.5％。EMS诱变后的愈伤组织细胞中，非整倍体所占的比例较诱变前明显增加，而二倍体的比例明显下降。辐射剂量和DNA遗传距离在10 Gy-25Gy的范围内呈正相关，从最小10GY的0.293，25GY加大到0.428。化学诱变中不同的愈伤组织类型诱变后也有所不同，即叶片愈伤组织细胞中非整倍体少于叶柄愈伤组织细胞中非整倍，而单倍体、二倍体、超二倍体略多。4．辐射剂量为10 Gy-20Gy的范围内，剂量与根长度和生根率成负相关。5．初步建立了白桦愈伤组织辐射诱变技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the calli from the leaf and petile of Betula platyphylla, were treated with ⁶⁰Coγrays and EMS（Ethyl Methane Sulfonate）,then we investigated the differentiation rates ofcalli,the rooting rates of advertitions shoots from calli.At last,clrormesome number vaniationrates were checked and the AFLP polymorphism of genome DNA of the regenerated plantletsfrom callus was also performed.The results were as follows:1.Dealt with gamma rays and EMS the growth of callus was restricted and the differentialrate deduced greatly. LD50 dose of ⁶⁰Co gamma on mutagenic callus was 20Gy, whosedifferentiation rate is 53.2%.2. Mutagenesis on the callus of petiole with EMS resulted in the following data: TheLD50（50% decrease of regeneration） ware 0.3% with 5h, 0.5% with 4h, 0.7% with 3h, 1.0%with 1h; the doses of fatalness are 0.7%with 4.5h, 1.0% with 2h. Mutagenesis on the callus ofleaf with EMS resulted in the following different data: The LD50 were 0.3% with 6h, 0.5%with 5h, 0.7% with 2h, 1.0% with lh; the doses of fatalness were 0.7%with 4h, 1.0% with 3h.3. The mutation rate of the plantlets treated with ⁶⁰Coγrays was over 80.68%, while thatof the ones from axillary bud proliferation was only 31.5%. Among the cells treated with EMSmutant, the proportion of aneuploid increased obviously higher than that in the non-mutagenicone, while the proportion of diploid decreased greatly.4. The radiation dose was in the positive correlation to the genetic distance whichincreased from 0.293 with the minimum 10Gy to 0.428 with 25Gy. The styles differed fromone after another with different chemical mutagenesis on callus, that was, compared with cellsof petiole callus, the ones of leaf callus had less aneuploid but a little more haploid, diploid andhyper diploid.5. The dose within the range of 10 Gy to 20 Gy was in negative correlation with thelength and rooting rate.6. The technology of radiation mutagenesis on Betula platyphylla callus was primarilyestablishment.更多还原