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量子保密通信中的光监测技术研究

Study on the Optical Monitoring Technology in Quantum Cryptography

【作者】 胡敏

【导师】 刘颂豪; 廖常俊;

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 , 光学, 2007, 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息与通信技术的飞速发展,信息安全与保密通信在个人隐私特别在军事情报和国家机密等方面显得尤为突出和重要。不同于传统的密码如RSA和DES,量子密钥分发系统的安全性基于物理学原理而不是数学的复杂性,是一种绝对安全的通信方式。量子密钥分发的理论、实验研究是当前非常热门的量子信息研究领域中的一个重要部分,并且也是量子信息中率先实现商用的技术。在传统的光纤通信系统中,对于传输光的监测与测量是非常重要的,它涉及到功率均衡和信道干扰等问题。而对于基于光纤和强衰减激光脉冲光源的量子保密系统来说,光功率监测是保证其安全性的重要手段之一,使用监测控制手段可以实现更为稳定的强衰减单光子源。本论文结合量子密钥分发系统,提出了切实可行的光功率监测方案,并系统分析了该测量仪器的组成和设计。全文共分五章:第1章:介绍了量子保密通信的理论发展和基本原理,光纤量子保密系统的关键技术——单光子源、单光子探测器等。第2章:对光功率测量技术的基本原理进行了详细的分析,首先介绍了光电探测器的特性,光电转换及前置放大电路的设计,然后对对数放大器和滤波电路进行了具体的研究,接着描述了单片机系统的人机接口电路,包括按键控制和液晶显示的电路设计,最后对整个系统的软件设计进行了详细的叙述。第3章:分析了光功率测量系统的通信模块,使用USB接口与PC机进行数据通信,可充分利用PC强大的计算能力实现数据处理。重点介绍了USB协议的基本原理和PDIUSBD12芯片的固件编程。第4章:介绍了精密控制强衰减的单光子源。分析了泊松分布的单光子源,并精心设计了极微弱光脉冲的稳定控制装置。第5章:工作总结与展望。

【Abstract】 Quantum key distribution is an absolute security communication method does not based on not mathcomplexity but physical principal, to solve the insuperably limitation of key distribution in classical cryptography.Quantum information is currently one of the hottest research fields in physics, and quantum key distribution(QKD) is the most advanced subfield so far with regard to practical application.Optical power monitoring and detection is very important in fiber communication system. Also, veryweak optical power monitoring and detection is one of the method to guarantee the security of the QuantumKey Distribution system(QKDs) which is based on fiber and strong attenuated Laser pulse.This thesis analyzed the optical power detection technology and presented a feasible designed schemefor Quantum Key Distribution system.The development of Quantum information theory, basic principal and key technology in QKDs aredescribed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 introduced the basic theory of optical power detection and discussed theinstrument scheme from hardware and software. The system takes STC89C516 MCU as controller to carry outdata acquisition and processing of optical power signal. PIN photodiode transferred the fiber optical signal tocurrent, AD8304 processing the linear signal to logarithmic voltage. The communication module of theinstrument is presented in Chapter3. This instrument uses the USB interface. Communication module of thetest instrument is made up of USB chip PDIUSBD12 and other periphery circuits, which making theinstrument’s data delivering speed significantly increased, and the data memorizing more convenient. Wecarefully designed a Single Photon Source (SPS) based on strong attenuated laser pulse with a precisecontroller in Chapter4.This device include an EVOA and optical power meter.

  • 【分类号】O413
  • 【被引频次】2
  • 【下载频次】232
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