民国时期广东地区私塾改良研究（1912—1937）

【作者】 邹婉萍；

【导师】 宋德华；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 民国时期，广东地方政府试图通过兴办小学的方式来建立适应民主国家制度的初等教育体制，然而，短缺的教育经费和贫乏的师资力量，使小学教育无法迅速普及。因此，政府开始试图改良私塾这一传统教育资源来弥补小学教育的不足。从民国建立到全国抗日战争爆发的二十多年里，广东私塾改良经历了启动、推进、强化和厉行等四个阶段，每个阶段呈现出不同的特点。启动阶段，私塾改良措施较为温和，以试探和劝导为主，并主要致力于私塾在教学形式上的改良；推进阶段，政府的改良措施渐趋强势，开始注重私塾实质教学内容的改良，并使改良更加系统化、制度化；强化阶段的改良主要以狂热为特征，实行私塾党化教育，并大批解散私塾，这是北伐战争的革命气息在文化教育领域的突出表现；厉行阶段，在北伐军事行动之后，政府试图将改良回复到一个常态发展的进程中，后又在义务教育的带动下，开展私塾改校运动。广东地区私塾改良经历了一个由温和到强制的过程，并因后期的一些偏差给社会造成了一定的负面影响。这一改良的进程需要我们一分为二的对待，既要看到私塾为适应社会发展进程必须加以改良，又要看到私塾在文化传承中的重要作用，从而找到新旧教育的结合点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the period of the Republic of China, in order to adapt to the policy of democratic state, the Guangdong government attempts to set up the elementary structure of education by setting up the primary school. However, the shortage of education funds and teachers makes primary school education unable to popularize rapidly. So, the government begins to sponsor the amendment of old-style private schools to remedies primary school education. in more than 20 years that from the Setting up of the Republic of China to Anti-Japanese War breaking out, the amendment of old-style private schools in Guangdong went through Start stage, advance stage, strengthen stage, enforce stage, each stage demonstrates different characteristics.During the course of starting, the measure is comparatively temperate, rely mainly on sounding out and advising, and is devoted to improving the teaching form mainly; During the course of advancing, the government’s improvement measure is strengthened gradually, it begin to pay attention to the improvement of the Content of courses, and make the amendment of old-style private schools more systematized, more institutionalized; During the course of strengthening, the old-style private schools’ amending with fanatic, advances rashly for the characteristic mainly. In this course, educate the party, and dismiss the old-style private school in large batches, which is revolutionary outstanding behaviors in the field of culture and education of atmosphere in wartime of Northern Expedition; during the course of enforcing, after the Northern Expedition, the government attempts to gets it back to a process of normal development. Later on, under the leadership of compulsory education, the old-style private school changes into a school.The amendment of old-style private schools go through a course from gentle to tough, and some deviations later on have caused certain negative influence in the society. We should see various kinds of advantages of the old-style private school and its important function in cultural continuity, and also noticed one side that the old-style private school needs improving, thus found the points of connection of new education and old education.更多还原