【作者】 黄振辉；

【导师】 李莉；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 国内有关官僚制的研究主要从行政生态学理论视角切入，在此基础上达成了基本的理论共识。尽管国内的研究具有强烈的现实关怀，但由于研究方法缺乏有效性和研究主题的单一性，始终未建立系统、具有现实解释力的解释逻辑。采用实证取向，引入宏观与微观交互视角对这一经典问题进行研究显得尤为迫切。理性官僚制具备“理想类型”普遍具有虚构性、意向适当性以及工具性等特点，同时又具备专业化、权力等级、规章制度与非人格化的自身特征；而效率、形式平等与保守主义是理性官僚制的价值意蕴。引入“度”概念之后，理性官僚制可以发展为新的分析框架。借用这个分析框架进行诊断，中西方官僚制实践困境表现出两种完全不同的症候。中国官僚制在官本位、“官—学—财”一体化、关系本位与阴阳双面性的文化纽结下展开，同时又深受全能主义、意识形态合法性传统以及公共权力结构特性的影响。共同体化的部门利益、人格化的权力网络、黑市化的公权交易以及非正式化的权力等级是中国官僚制实践困境的四大症候。从微观视角透视，“政治社会人”重新定义了中国政治(行政)生态中的人性，非正式社会关系网络是“政治社会人”追求的首要利益。博弈分析表明，处于社会关系网络下，微观主体进行社会资本投资是趋利避害行为；实际权力运作模式分析则表明，“人情运作”是“政治社会人”通过非正式的社会关系网络获取社会资本的核心步骤。理性对冲机制与学习机制是中国官僚制实践困境形成的两大微观动力机制。在宏观文化背景之下，微观行动主体有多种策略选择；具有理想主义情怀，同时又具备现实主义技艺的行动者将最终成为“浪底淘沙”的政治精英。在中国，新公共管理理论的实践尚为时过早，任何缺乏深度的空间维度解读都将导致时间维度的重度误读。更多还原

【Abstract】 The domestic studies of bureaucrat mainly base on the view ofadministrative ecology, and reached the basic theoretical consensus;The domestic scholars had the intense reality concern, but their methodswere lack of validity and the themes were unitarity, so that the robust,systemic explanation had not been established yet; It became more andmore urgently to study the classic issue in the blend of microcosmic andmacrocosmic view as well as to adopt the positivism orientation. Therational bureaucrat has characteristics of "ideal type", include thenatural of fiction, the appropriate value orientation, as well asinstrumentality, also has the characters of specialization, the authorityranks, the rules and regulations and the non-personification.Effectiveness, formal equal and conservatism were the value meaning ofthe rational bureaucrat. Introducing the concept of "moderation" therational bureaucrat was able to develop to a new analysis concept frame.To diagnose by the new analysis concept frame, the symptoms ofsino-western bureaucratization were absolutely different.Sion-bureaucrat is evolving in the ground of Chinese culture-kink,include "officer standard", "officer-scholar-wealth" homogeneity,"GuanXi standard", Yin and Yang ambiguity, and influenced by thetraditions of totalism, legitimate of ideology and characteristics ofpublic structure. The communize departmental benefit, personalizepower web, black market of public power exchange and informalityauthority ranks were the typical symptoms of Chinese bureaucratization.In the view of microcosmic, "political-social man" had defined thehuman nature in the political (administrative) ecology again. The coreinterest which "political-social man" pursue is informal social networks.The game theory analysis indicate that in the ground of social networks,the micro-subject invested in the social network that is the action ofutilizing advantage and avoiding disadvantage; The real power operation model analysis indicate that the "favor (RenQing) operation"is the key measure for "political-social man" to obtain social capital bythe social networks. The contradicting rationality mechanism and thelearning mechanism were the microcosmic motivation mechanisms ofthe plight of Chinese bureaucratization. In the context of macro-culture,the micro-subject has a lot of choices, who has the dream of idealismand artistry of realism, would be become the promising political elite.In china, refer to new public management should be too early, becauseany lack of depth Interpreting in space dimension should lead toseriously misunderstand in the time dimension.更多还原