外商在粤直接投资区位选择因素研究

【作者】 苗娴雅；

【导师】 吴忠培；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 西方经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在经济全球化的浪潮中，国际直接投资和跨国公司充当了主要的角色，国际直接投资正在取代国际贸易而成为当今国际经济合作的主流现象。广东省自70年代末实行改革开放政策以来，吸引了大量的外商直接投资，成为了我国最早利用外资的省份。但是，由于改革开放的梯次进行及其它环境因素的影响，外商直接投资在广东省表现出明显的区域差异：在1991-1999年的九年里，珠江三角洲地区实际利用外资达到709.79亿美元，占广东省利用外资总量的72.19％；非珠江三角洲地区利用外资只有204.69亿美元，占全省利用外资总量的份额不到21％。而且，从全国来看，国内各省市发展势头迅猛，外商投资重心有从珠三角向长三角逐渐转移的趋势，广东省当好排头兵的压力加大。本文从定性以及定量两个方面分析并说明造成外商在粤直接投资分布不平衡的原因。从定性分析来讲，外商在进行直接投资的地区定位时需要考虑的是该地区的投资环境，包括基础设施、市场状况、成本因素、集聚经济等方面的因素。实证检验可以为定性分析提供理论上的依据，所以，本文在定性分析的基础上从定量方面进一步说明各项环境因素对外商直接投资决策的影响程度。本文所选择的环境因素包括人均国内生产总值、出口额、地区生产总值、第三产业占GDP的比重、规模以上企业单位数、基础建设投资完成额、劳动力工资、区位成本这八个指标。考虑到环境因素是在不断变化的，本文抽取了2000-2004年五年的时间逐年进行分析，以增强实证的可靠性。从2000年至2004年，体现集聚效应的基础设施指标一直对区位优势有明显的正的影响，而工业企业数的集聚作用在2000年、2001年和2004年一直存在着正的效应，但是在2002年和2003年却与FDI显著的负相关，所以工业企业数的集聚效应还有待于进一步的研究。在2000年至2004年五年中，劳动力成本对区位优势有显著的作用，外商直接投资选择于那些劳动力成本比较低的地区，这与Chen的研究完全相反。过去五年中，区位成本对FDI有负的影响，FDI倾向于选择那些区位成本不高的地区，这一结论还是符合广东省外商直接投资现有区位柿局的。市场的三个因素都与FDI之间存在显著的正相关性，市场规模和经济发展水平多数年份都与FDI显著正相关，出口额作为一个重要的经济指标，与FDI的相互促进作用始终存在，开放的市场一直是吸引外商直接投资的一个重要因素。为了持续提高广东省吸引外商直接投资的力度，合理引导外商直接投资，从本文的研究结果来看，最为重要的是改善广东省的各项投资环境，建立良好的区位优势。本文的最后部分为广东省如何进一步吸引外商直接投资提供了一些政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 FDI and multinational company play key role during economic globalization,moreover, FDI is replacing international trade in current international economiccooperation. Plenty of FDI has been invested in Guangdong province since reformingand opening policy was adopted in the late 1970s, as a result of this Guangdongbecomes the earliest province which attracts foreign investment. But due to the orderof reforming and opening and other environment elements, region differences of FDIin Guangdong province are very apparent: the region of Zhujiang Delta had attracted$709179 million from 1991 to 1999 which occupied 72.19% of FDI total inGuangdong; the non-region of Zhujiang Delta had only attracted $204169 millionwhich occupied less than 21% of FDI total. At the same time, economy in everyprovince is developing very fast and the focus of foreign investment is shifting fromZhujiang Delta to Changjiang Delta, so Guangdong is under a lot of pressure.The article analyzes and explains the causes of region imbalance of FDI inGuangdong. From the point of nature, what foreign businessmen care about is theinvestment environment of the region, including infrastructure, market situation, cost,scale economy and other elements. The test method of facts and proofs can offertheoretical basis, so on the basis of nature analysis the article further explainsinfluence degree that environment elements pose to FDI. Location factors that thearticle chooses include GDP, export figures, region gross product, percentage oftertiary industry in GDP, quantity of scale companies, investment total ofinfrastructure, the pay of work force and location cost.Considering the changing environment elements, the article samples five-yearfigures from 2000 to 2004 for analysis in order to increase reliability of facts.Infrastructure index reflecting gathering effect poses positive influence on regionadvantages from 2000 to 2004, while gathering effect of quantity of industrialcorporations has positive influence in 2000 2001 and 2004, but has negative influenceon FDI in 2002 and 2003, so gathering effect of quantity of industrial corporationsneeds to be studied further. The cost of work force boosts the region advantages greatly from 2000 to 2004, foreign businessmen always choose the regions oflow-cost work force to invest, which is totally opposite to Mr. Chen’ research.. Duringthe past five years, location cost has had negative effect to FDI, and FDI tends tochoose low-cost locations, which is consistent with FDI region distribution inGuangdong. Three market factors have positive relation to FDI. Market scale andeconomic development have apparent positive relation to FDI. There is lasting mutualpromotion between FDI and export figures (a key economic index), because anopening market is always an important factors attracting FDI.To improve Guangdong’ attracting FDI capability and guide FDI reasonably,according to the study of this article, the most important is to polish Guangdong’sinvestment environment and establish attracting region advantages. The last part ofthe article offers some policy suggestion for Guangdong to further attract FDI.更多还原