【作者】 谢圣；

【导师】 郭宗楼；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 水环境是各类生物赖以生存的场所，水是人类社会生存和发展的基础，是必不可少的重要资源。我国是世界上洪涝灾害最严重的国家之一，小流域山洪由于气候和地理条件的影响，具有突发性、水量集中、破坏力大，死亡人数比重大等特点，危害很大，已经成为当前我国防洪减灾工作中的突出问题。洪水具有两面性。它既是一种造成灾害的自然现象，又是保持自然生态平衡必不可少的生态过程。近年来提出的洪水灾害管理策略，就是对洪水灾害风险进行管理，调整人与水的关系，对江河的整治由过去以防洪为主要目标逐渐转变为以防洪减灾、水资源保障、改善环境及生态系统等多目标的综合整治，即由“防御洪水”转向“洪水管理”。洪水风险图是了解区域遭受洪水灾害危险性大小的一种直观科学的专题地图，是防灾减灾的一种非工程措施，是“洪水管理”的重要基础。因此，对小流域山洪进行系统的洪水灾害风险分析，研究洪水风险图的编制方法，并以此绘制的洪水风险图为重要依据和主要手段，进行风险管理研究，从而增强对小流域山洪的防治能力，将洪水灾害的风险成本降到最低程度，对于社会的和谐以及经济发展具有重要意义。本文收集和研究了国内外在洪水风险图绘制及利用方面的相关研究成果，研究了我国防洪减灾的基本形势和基本对策，归纳总结了洪水风险图及风险管理的基本理论。论文根据洪水风险图编制的基本理论，针对我国小流域山洪的洪水特点及地区因素，研究了小流域山洪的风险基础因子，分析编制过程中的难点，提出小流域山洪的洪水风险图绘制过程的主要步骤和技术方法；对洪水管理的战略模式进行研究，提出完善领导体制、提高监测能力、建立科技体系、洪水保险等一系列策略，并对洪水保险提出具体的建议。论文以分水江支流前溪小流域为典型区，根据本文提出的小流域山洪风险图编制过程和技术方法，进行基础资料调查，编制具体的洪水风险图，并在这基础上，根据小流域山洪风险管理的注意事项，提出相应的防洪管理的相关对策。综合以上研究表明：通过对洪水风险图的基本理论的研究，针对我国小流域山洪的洪水特点及地区因素，从风险基础因子、过程设计、技术方法等方面研究小流域山洪风险图的编制；从提出完善领导体制、提高监测能力、建立科技体系、洪水保险等方面研究小流域山洪风险管理的策略是可行的，可以实现的。论文还对小流域山洪风险图及风险管理进行了相应的展望，提出了利用新技术来进行小流域山洪风险图的编制，提出了风险管理中洪水保险的实现方式的设想等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The water environment is a place which keeps all lives living. The water, afoundation of the human being survival and development, is an important essentialresource. Our country is one of the most serious flooding disaster countries in theworld. As a result of the climate and the geography condition, the Small Watershedtorrent takes on emergence, concentrative, devastating, high mortality rate and does agreat harm. Now it has been a prominent problem in controlling flood and preventingdisasters in our country.The flood has the dual characters. It is not only one kind of the naturalphenomenon causing disasters, but also an essential ecology process maintainingnatural ecological equilibrium. The flood disaster management strategy proposednowadays is exactly such as management of the flood disaster risk, adjustment of therelations between person and the water and the shift of the river revolution goal,which transformed the leading goal of preventing floods into the multi-goals of floodscontrol and disasters prevent, water resource guarantee, environment and theecosystem the improvement, namely transformed "the flood defense" into "the floodmanagement". The flood hazard mapping is a direct-viewing scientific monographicmap to understand the degree of the flood disaster risk in regions. It is one kind ofnon- project measures against floods and disasters. It is the important foundation of"the flood management".Therefore, falling to analyzing the flood disaster risk of the small watershedsystematically and researching the drawing methods of the flood hazard mapping, andconducted by the flood hazard mapping as the important basis and main methods,falling to studying the risk management, thereby, to strengthen the ability to preventsmall watershed torrent, and make the flood disaster risk cost to the lowest, all abovehas the vital significance to society’s harmony as well as the economical developmentThis article has collected and researched related achievements on the drawing andusing of the flood hazard mapping domestically and abroad, studied the generalsituations and the basic countermeasures in controlling floods and preventing disasters,summarized some fundamental theories on the flood hazard mapping and the riskmanagement.According to the fundament of the flood hazard mapping drawing, and the floodcharacteristic and local factors of the small watershed torrent in our country, the paperhas studied the risk basic factors of the small watershed torrent, analyzed thedifficulty in the drawing process, and proposed main steps and technical methods ofthe process. The paper also has conducted a research to the strategic mode of floodmanagement, and proposed a series of strategies such as refinement of leadershipsystem, enhancement of monitor ability, establishment of science and technologysystem and flood insurance, at last put forward the concrete proposals to the floodinsurance. Taking the Qianxi river of the small watershed of Fenshui Jiang branch as atypical, according to the process and technical method of drawing the SmallWatershed torrent hazard mapping proposed in the article, The paper has investigatedthe basic data, worked out a concrete flood hazard mapping, and in this foundation,proposed some countermeasures related to the flood prevention managementaccording to the notice of the small watershed torrent risk management.the study Above indicated that: by researching the fundament of flood hazardmapping and based on the flood characteristic and local factors of small watershedtorrent in our country, it is feasible to study the draw of small watershed torrenthazard mapping in view of risk basic factors, process design and technical methods; itis feasible to study the strategy of small watershed torrent risk management in view ofrefinement of leadership system, enhancement of monitor ability, establishment ofscience and technology system and the flood insurance, it is realizable.The paper also has made some expectation to the small watershed torrent hazardmapping and the risk management. It has suggested using the new technology to drawthe small watershed torrent hazard mapping, and proposed some assumptions on theflood insurance realization in the risk management.更多还原