【作者】 季玉凯；

【导师】 周永斌；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 空气负离子是一种重要的森林旅游资源，具有降尘、抑菌功能，净化空气、调节小气候、保健等效果显著，其浓度水平已成为评价城市空气清洁程度和环境优劣的重要指标。本文以棋盘山风景区园区为研究对象，通过对研究区域内空气离子浓度的观测，发现景区的负离子浓度存在以下的分布特点和变化规律：在不同的林分类型中，油松林的负离子浓度最高，灌木林的最低；针叶林的平均负离子浓度为868／cm~3，阔叶林平均为726个／cm~3，针叶林高于阔叶林；有林地的负离子浓度高于无林地；在不同群落结构的绿地中，乔灌草流水和乔灌草这样的复层群落结构模式，其负离子浓度要比草坪高2倍以上。负离子浓度在日变化过程中，存在两个明显的波峰值，分别出现在早8：00和午夜0：00，而最低值出现在午后16：00；一天当中CI值的波动较大，两个峰值分别出现在早8：00和晚间22：00，最低值出现在傍晚17：00。在所观测的低海拔区域(100米～220米)，负离子浓度和空气清洁度都是随海拔的升高而增大的；阴坡的负离子浓度略高于阳坡。在不同的天气条件下，雨后的负离子浓度最高，而晴天略高于阴天。雨后的CI值同雨前比有了较大的提升。通过负离子浓度与温度、湿度2个气象因子的回归分析得出，负离子浓度在17℃～30℃范围内与温度成负相关，在60％～96％范围内与相对湿度成正相关。动态水的空气负离子浓度明显高于静态水，动态水的平均负离子浓度为2032个／cm~3，而静态水的只有924个／cm~3，前者是后者的2倍以上；大面积水域比小面积水域的负离子浓度高；在所有水体类型中，喷泉周围的负离子浓度最高，并且对负离子浓度的影响距离也最远。棋盘山风景区的平均负离子浓度和CI值均要高于市内其他功能区，对于改善城郊乃至整个城市的生态环境都具有重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aeroanion is a kind of very important resource of forest recreation.It has the functionof decreasing dust level and restraining bacteria from growing, the effect of adjustingmicroclimate and keeping health is also obvious.Its concentration has already become animportant index of evaluating the air condition and environment about the city.This text viewsthe central area of qipan mountain scenic spot as studying object,through the observing on theaeroanion concentration in the studying area,we find that the aeroanion concentration hasseveral distributing characteristic and varying law below:In different standing forest types, the aeroanion concentration of pinus tabulaeformis ismaximum, the shrubwood’s is minimum. The average aeroanion concentration of coniferoustrees is 868/cm~3, while the average concentration of broad-leaf trees is 726/cm~3, coniferoustrees is higher than broad-leaf trees;the concentration of forest land is higher than the areawithout forest; the compound community structure such as arbor-shrub-grass-water andarbor-shrub-grass are better among different community structures,their concentration aretwice more than single lawn.There are two obvious peak value in the daily variability of aeroanion concentration, itappears at 8:00 AM and 0:00 in midnight, the lowest value appears at 16:00 PM;the CI valueundulates obviously, it is highest at 8:00 AM and 22:00 in the evening and lowest at 17:00PM.The aeroanion concentration and air quality grade both increases with the rising of height atlow height area(100m～220m); the aeroanion concentration in shady-side slope is higher thansunny-side slope.From the result which was observing in different weather conditions of five places in thescenic spot, the aeroanion concentration is the highest after rainning, while there is no obviousdifference in sunny day and cloudy day, the concentration in sunny day is slightly higher thancloudy day.The CI value increasing a lot after rainning. From the regression analysis betweenaeroanion concentration and temperature and humidity, we can see that, there is a negativerelation between the aeroanion concentration and temperature during the extent of 17℃～30℃,while to the humidity, a positive relation exists during the extent of 60%～496%.Moving water’s concentration is 2032/cm~3, static water’s is 924/cm~3,the aeroanionconcentration of moving water is obviously higher than static water; the concentration of largearea water is higher than small ones; the aeroanion concentration around fountain is highestamong all water body types, fountain’s effect on concentration is the furtherest too. The aeroanion concentration and CI value of qipan mountain scenic spot are higher thanother function areas in the city, it plays an important role in improving the ecologicalenvironment of the suburb even to the whole city.更多还原