【作者】 傅强；

【导师】 张国立；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电影学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国电影事业的发展是日新月异,而电影表演艺术理论也在飞速的发展和深入。然而作为以“人”为主导的电影表演艺术却很少有人从心理学的角度去进行研究和探索。心理学是研究人类心理活动规律的学说,而影视演员的最终任务是在银幕上塑造完整鲜明的、活生生的、具有独特性格魅力的人物形象。那么其中人物的“性格”就在我们心理学的研究范围之内。所以心理学和我们影视表演艺术密切相联,将会为我们影视表演艺术理论的发展开辟一块新天地。在将心理学和影视表演艺术理论进行整合运用时,我发觉情绪和性格是两个学科的交集,是它们共同研究的方向。而在研究的过程中我找到了“节奏”这一纽带将情绪和性格关联起来,它们三者的关系正是我们影视表演艺术研究需要关注的地方。性格是一种行为方式,它是人在活动的过程中,对客观事物和社会环境的种种影响,通过认识、情绪和意志活动在个体的反映机构中保存下来,形成固定的态度体系,并以一定的型式表现在个体的行为之中,构成个人所特有的行为方式。性格有其独特的表现方式。情绪是人们对待认知内容的态度,它包括情绪体验、情绪行为和情绪唤醒和对情绪刺激的认知等复杂成分。它也有自己表现形式。在性格和情绪上面,它们都是通过人的面部表情、语言和身体姿态等方式进行表现的。而在这些表现形式中,都蕴涵着明显且丰富的节奏变化。所以节奏、情绪和性格之间有着非常紧密的联系,任何性格都要在情绪表达中得到体现;任何情绪的表达都包含着节奏;任何节奏的出现都体现着性格;而任何性格都有特定的节奏表现形式;任何特定的节奏表现形式又都表达着特定的人物情绪;而特定的人物情绪一定有它独特的人物性格。作为影视演员不仅应该掌握从分析角色性格基调到情绪和情感的外化表现,即人物的整体节奏的把握这一方法,也应该学会从改变自身的习惯节奏到体验角色所需要的情绪和情感的方法。影视演员只有正确地掌握好规定情境中人物的任务和动作,才可能感受到准确的节奏,节奏如果运用正确,就会自然而然产生正确的情绪和体验。在运用心理技术去感受和获得角色内在情绪方面有困难时求助于节奏,不失为一个有效的方法。因为外部(动作和语言)形体动作的节奏往往是情绪记忆的结果,因而也是内心体验本身的直接刺激物,能机械地、直觉地或有意识地影响演员内心生活和体验,并直接影响作为心理活动动力之一的情绪。改变自身习惯的节奏也正是给予我们影视演员一个外部的刺激,让这个刺激作用于大脑皮质,再经过边缘系统的反馈直接影响到我们的情绪体验。影视演员就是要通过面部表情、外部形体动作和语言等手段对同一种情绪的不同表现方式来展示这个人物的个性性格特征。面部表情和外部形体动作一样是通过演员对肌肉群的控制,控制其行动的幅度、力度、速度以及相互的协调和组合,用这样的方式来体现节奏,表现人物的性格特征。而语言是演员通过对停顿、重音、语调和语速的控制来体现语言的节奏,展现人物的性格特征的。演员只有正确地掌握好规定情境中人物的任务和动作,才可能感受到准确的节奏,节奏如果运用正确,就会自然而然产生正确的情绪和体验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Development of our country film cause is to alter from day to day, but film performance art theory also at full speed develop and thorough. But go and be in progress studying and probe as the angle taking "person" as dominant film performance art but very few somebody from psychology. Psychology is the theory studying human being psychological activity law’s, but ultimate mission of movie and TV actor is the image being in molding entirely on the screen to have unique character charm personage distinct , vivid. So among them personage "character" accommodates oneself to within our psychology research range. Be linked together therefore psychology and our movie and TV performance art is close , will may be that our development of movie and TV performance art theory opens up a piece of new field. Integrate the time applying in psychology and movie and TV performance art theory being carried out, that I come to know the mood and the character is two discipline intersection set , is the direction that they jointly study. But I have found "rhythm" in the process studying this one link is connected with the mood and the character , their triple relation exactly is that our movie and TV performance art studies the place needing to pay close attention to.The character is one kind of behavior way , it is in the person process in the activity , a variety of to objective things and the social environment affects , the system forming fixed attitude, shows and by the fact that the cognition , mood and will preserve down in the organization using personal influence in particular reporting, with certain pattern in the proper behavior way composing the individual institute in particular behavior. The character has whose distinctive behaviors way. The mood is that people treats cognition content attitude , it includes a mood experiencing that mood behavior and the mood rouse and wait for the complicated component to upset cognition of mood. It also has self manifestation.In the character and the mood, higher authority , they all are to show by the fact that people’s facial expression , ways like language and body attitude are in progress. But in these manifestation, the rhythm obvious and enriching to be accumulating a culvert changes.Therefore having very rapid and intense connection , any character between rhythm , mood and character in needing to express in the mood embody; Any mood expressing is all containing rhythm; Any rhythm appearing is all embodying a character; But, any character all has specially appointed rhythm to show a form; Any specially appointed rhythm shows a form being expressing the specially appointed personage mood; But, the specially appointed personage mood definitely has its unique personage character.The alienation ought to grasp from analyzing role character keynote to the mood and emotion not only as movie and TV actor is shown, method being the personage overall rhythm’s grasp this one method , also ought to learn the from changing self’s the rhythm being accustomed to experiencing what a role needs mood and emotion. The movie and TV actor grasps the mission and action easy to stipulate that circumstances is hit by a personage only when correct , may experience accurate rhythm , rhythm if applying correctly just now , only is capable to do the mood coming into being as a matter of course correctly and experiences that.When having difficulty in the respect of applying the mentality technology to get rid of feel and to gain the inherent mood of role resort to rhythm , can yet be regarded as a effective method. Be also the heart as a result because of outside (action and language) shape action rhythm sometimes is mood memory result, experiencing that self directness stimulates a thing, and the energy machinery field , intuition field or the heart life affecting an actor consciously experiencing, and having direct impact to the mood being one of psychological activity driving force. The rhythm changing oneself habit also exactly is to give our movie and TV actor a external stimulation , dodges to stimulate an effect so in the cerebral cortex , experiences that again by that systematic feedback of border has direct impact to the mood arriving at us.The movie and TV actor is to need to pass facial expression , outside shape means such as action and language shows the individuality character characteristic coming to show this personage way to the diversity the same species mood. Facial expression is by actor controlling to muscle group as the outside shape acts, coordination and combination controlling whose action extent , dynamics , speed as well as mutual, use the character characteristic , showing a personage to come to embody rhythm such way. But language is that the actor passes to the pause , stress , intonation and language come to embody the language rhythm fast controlling , display personage character characteristic’s. The actor grasps the mission and action easy to stipulate that circumstances is hit by a personage only when correct , just now, may experience accurate rhythm , rhythm if applying correctly , is therefore likely as a matter of course, to produce the correct mood and experience that.更多还原