【作者】 邓毅；

【导师】 牟小俐；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪,世界经济环境更加复杂多变,企业面临的竞争环境越来越激烈,个性化、多样化的消费为当今企业提供了机遇,也带来了挑战。如何提高柔性,增强企业适应市场变化的能力,是摆在理论界和企业界面前的一项长期课题。随着不确定性的加深,传统仅强调制造系统柔性的作法已经难已适应时代竞争的要求,企业需要在更广泛的范围内实现柔性化——构建柔性企业。因此,从企业整体的角度把握柔性变得日趋重要。本文的主要内容如下:首先,对企业柔性的概念进行了分析。目前对企业柔性的定义大都基于制造系统的单个角度强调对环境的适应,但本文认为,对企业柔性的定义,应充分考虑顾客需求的导向作用,让客户满意,因此把顾客和企业两个角度同等看待对企业柔性进行了分析,并分别得出两类不同的柔性:外部柔性和内部柔性。通过考察这两类柔性的相互关系,最后对企业柔性进行了定义。在前文企业柔性概念分析的基础上,本文分别对外部柔性、内部柔性进行了详细分析:第一,对企业内部柔性进行了分析。本文认为,企业柔性是各子系统柔性相互协调和有机构成的。分别考察了六个子系统所包含的众多柔性能力:制造系统、物流系统、供应系统、研发系统、信息系统和组织系统。最后形成了6个子系统、总共包含20种柔性能力的企业内部柔性体系。第二,对企业外部柔性进行了分析。本文把外部柔性定义为顾客最为关心的、对顾客满意影响最大的、由企业外部表现出来的一组柔性。顾客最关心的是品种、设计(包括新产品)、数量和交货时间上的“易变性”,因此,对于外部柔性,本文着重考察了与之相联系的四种柔性:混合柔性、产品柔性、数量柔性和交货柔性。其次,本文引入了熵权多级模糊综合评价的方法,对企业柔性进行了度量。指标体系采用的是前面得出的内部柔性体系,权重是在主观权重方法基础上引入客观权重的熵权法综合得到。然后,本文进一步通过一个模拟算例,说明了熵权多级模糊评价在企业柔性评判中的应用。再次,本文提出了改进企业柔性的建议。本文认为,对企业柔性的评价结果是柔性改进的依据,针对如何改进企业柔性时,应注意以下几点:各子系统柔性之间的协调;信息技术的基础性作用;适当的柔性规模;对各子系统制定合理的改进策略,等等。最后,总结了本文的研究内容,指出了本文的不足之处和未来研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 21 century, world economic environment becomes more and more complicated. Competition faced by enterprises is more and more intensive. Consumption characteristic of individuation and diversification not only provides opportunities, but also brings challenges to today’s enterprises. How to improve flexibility in order to enhance the capability is a long-term task. With uncertainties increasing, the traditional way emphasizing on flexibilities of manufacturing system cannot adapt to today’s competition situation, enterprises are required to improve flexibility in an expanded range–construct flexible enterprise. Therefore, to hold flexibility from an angle of the whole enterprise becomes more important. The main content of this paper is as follows:First, the conception of enterprise flexibility is advanced. One point of this paper is that, the conception of flexibility should be examined from a customer-oriented perspective, so this paper balances both the angle of customer and that of enterprise, with careful analysis, two kinds of flexibilities are distinguished: External Flexibility and Internal Flexibility. After examining the relationship between the two kinds of flexibilities, the conception of enterprise flexibility is defined.Then, this paper carefully analyzes External Flexibility and Internal Flexibility mentioned above.For one thing, Internal Flexibility is analyzed. The enterprise flexibility is organically composed of all flexibilities of subsystems. Series of flexibility capabilities in six subsystems are examined here. Six subsystems include manufacturing system, logistics system, supply system, R&D system, information system, and organization system. Finally, an index system of six flexible subsystems and twenty flexibility capabilities is constituted.Fore another thing, External Flexibility is analyzed. In this paper, External Flexibility is defined as a group of flexibilities which catch the eye of customers, influence customer satisfaction and are showed by enterprise. Customers always care about the changeability in variety, design (include new product), volume and delivery time. Therefore, four flexibilities which connect with these factors are examined, which include: Mix Flexibility, Product Flexibility, Volume Flexibility and Delivery Flexibility.In the following chapter, for evaluating enterprise flexibility, a model of entropy coefficients multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced. The index system of Internal Flexibility achieved above is used here. Weightiness of each index is determined using both methods of entropy and AHP. The last part is a numerical example of this model, proving that this model is feasible in this place.The results of evaluation of enterprise flexibility are the basis for improving flexibility. Referring to the problem of how to improving flexibility, this paper presents some suggestions, for instance, coordination of each flexible subsystem; importance of information technology; reasonable size of flexibility; chose right strategy ,etc.In the end, the content of this paper is concluded, and the deficiency and where needs improvements is pointed out.更多还原