我国人口老龄化与政府在老龄产品和服务提供中的角色

【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 宁骚；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 公共管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近几十年来,中国的人口问题一直为世人所关注,伴随着经济和社会的发展以及二十多年计划生育制度的实行,中国的人口状况发生了很大的变化,一些问题也越来越突出,中国人口结构的快速老龄化和高龄化局面便是其中之一。人口老龄化造成的一个根本性社会问题就是老人特殊需求的满足问题,对这个问题,国际社会上通用的最积极的办法就是发展老龄产业。我国的人口老龄化形势向老龄产业提出了潜在需求,同时也为其提供了巨大的人口优势;但是,社会各界对老龄产业及其在中国的发展前景仍旧存在众多分歧和误解,老龄产业自身在发展中也存在诸多问题;由此,对中国老龄产业的发展进行理论和政策研究就显得尤为必要。整体回顾我国老龄产业的研究,应该肯定它在短短10年间取得了相当大的成绩,表现为:开拓了我国老龄产业研究的先河;对一些基本的理论问题达成了共识,如,老龄产业发展的重点领域、老龄产业发展的必要性和可行性等方面,这对于推动与完善老龄产业的理论研究奠定了一定的基础;关注老龄产业的应用性和操作性,促使学界、政府决策部门、商家对老龄产业研究的相互交流;开创了对老龄产业进行实证的、定量的、个案的分析的局面等。10年来的对于老龄产业更深入研究,对于老龄产业本身的发展,无疑具有十分重要的启迪和反思意义。在我国,相对老年学研究的其他领域,老年人口和人口老龄化经济学的研究出现得较晚,在上个世纪80年代基本上还是一项空白,直到90年代,人口老龄化日趋严重的形势和产业结构调整的需要,才促使学界关注由人口老龄化引起的经济问题,1995年,于学军关于人口老化与生产、分配、交换、消费之间的关系的研究,应该算是较早的老龄经济学研究;1996年,由王爱珠著作的《老年经济学》出版,该书从老年人口的退休、再就业、收入、养老、流通、消费角度刻画了老龄化和经济之间的关系,该书属于较早从老龄化的角度对老年市场的开发进行论述的专著。同年面市的另外两本比较重要的著作是,由张纯元和曾毅编写的《市场人口学》,以及由郝虹生、刘金塘和高凌合编的《人口分析与市场研究》,这两本著作虽然都不是从老龄化或者老年人口角度探讨人口与市场之间的关系,但是都是从经济学角度探讨人口变化与市场之间关系的论著,应该说这两部作品对于国内学者从老龄化角度探讨人口与市场、与产业之间的关系都有相当的启迪作用。从老龄产业发展的理论和政策问题的角度研究中国的老龄产业,本身就说明该研究的主旨在于通过研究促进中国老龄产业实践的发展。事实上,中国老龄产业发展滞后的原因除了我国经济发展水平相对落后、产业结构有待于进一步优化等客观存在因素之外,还与政府、商界、社区、家庭、个人,甚至是学界对老龄产业不够重视并存在众多偏见,整个社会文化氛围不利于老龄产业的发展有关;所以深化老龄产业研究,提高各界对老龄产业的正确认识,澄清人们对老龄产业的误解,对老龄产业自身的发展无疑具有重要的意义,而本文的落脚点正是政府和商界最关心的老龄产业发展的理论和政策问题。本文通过对现有老龄产业研究的理论分歧进行梳理,对老龄产业的基本理论进行阐述,在此基础上分析影响中国老龄产业发展的关键因素,对其发展前景进行全方位、多角度的预测,并发现促使中国老龄产业繁荣的措施,促进中国老龄产业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent decades, China’s population has attracted worldwide attention. With economic and social development and more than 20 years of implementation of the family planning system, China’s population have undergone tremendous changes, and some problems are more and more prominent, including China’s rapid aging of population. One fundamental social issue caused by the aging of population is to meet the special needs of the old. On this issue, the most active approach taken by international community is to develop aging industry. China’s aging of population proposes the potential demand to aging industry, also provides a huge population advantage.But community still have many differences and misunderstandings in China’s aging industry and its development prospects, meanwhile, aging industry is also plagued with problems in the development of their own. Thus, it is particularly necessary to do the theory and policy research on the development of China’s aging industry.Recalling China’s overall aging industrial research, it must be affirmed that considerable achievements have been made in a short span of 10 years: the first research on our aging industry; consensus on some basic theoretical issues, such as key areas of aging industrial development and its necessity and feasibility and so on, which lay a foundation for promoting and improving theoretical studies of aging industry; aging industrial applications and operational concerns to promote interaction among academics, government departments and businesses; creation of the empirical, quantitative, case analysis of aging industry.10 years’in-depth study of aging industry is undoubtedly of great significance to its own development.In China, compared with the study of the elderly in other areas, the economics of the elderly population and the aging population appear later.In the last 1980s, basically a blank, until the 1990s, aging population increasingly serious situation and the needs of industrial restructuring ask academic to concern the economic problems caused by the aging of the population.Studies from the point of theory and policy issues of China’s aging industry show that its objective is to promote the development of China’s aging industrial practice. In fact the reason why China’s aging industry lags behind is that government, business circle, community, family, individual, even academic have no enough attention to aging industry and hold numerous bias, and the whole society atmosphere is not conducive to the development of industry, besides many objective factors like relatively backward economic development level, further optimized industrial structure and so on. So deepening aging industrial research, raising public awareness of aging industrial, clarifying misunderstanding of the aging industry are of great significance. And the purpose of this paper is the theory and policy issues that government and business circle concern best.Based on current theories differences of aging industrial, this paper carries on the elementary theory of aging industry, analyzing the key factors that can affect China’s aging industry development, forecasting its development prospects from the multi-angle, so as to discover the measures which can promote China’s aging industry prospers.更多还原