【作者】 罗冬梅；

【导师】 夏斌；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 椭圆食粉螨Aleuroglyphus ovatus是世界分布的贮藏物害螨之一。本论文较系统地开展了椭圆食粉螨种群生态学方面的研究。主要内容和结论如下：1．温度对发育历期的影响：椭圆食粉螨的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。在5种恒温（16℃，20℃，24℃，28℃、32℃）条件下，整个发育历期16℃时最长（80.80d），32℃时最短（14.70d）。分别用直线回归和Logistic方程对该螨发育速率与温度的关系进行模拟，结果表明Logistic方程能较好地模拟其发育速率与温度的关系。用直线回归法和直接最优法分别计算了椭圆食粉螨各螨态的发育起点温度和有效积温，通过变异系数的比较，表明以直接最优法所得的结果比较合适。2．实验种群生命表的建立：在20℃-32℃区间内，20℃时雌成螨寿命最长，而28℃时椭圆食粉螨每雌平均总产卵数最多。构建了4个温度下椭圆食粉螨实验种群的生殖力生命表，结果表明椭圆食粉螨净增殖率（R₀）、内禀增长率（r_m）、周限增长率（λ）在28℃时达到最大值，分别为45.532，0.156，1.169；在28℃下椭圆食粉螨种群倍增时间最短，为4.431天；从子代性比来看，随着温度的升高，性比是增加的。3．高温对椭圆食粉螨的影响：在85％RH恒湿条件下用37.0、40.0、43.0、46.0、49.0℃五种高温处理椭圆食粉螨成螨、若螨、幼螨，发现成螨耐高温的能力最强，若螨次之，幼螨最弱：随着试验温度的升高，椭圆食粉螨死亡的处理时间急剧缩短。49.0℃时，椭圆食粉螨各螨态的螨处理至35min全部死亡；而三种螨态的螨在37℃下能够正常生存。4．肉食螨对椭圆食粉螨的捕食效能研究：分别以三种肉食螨来捕食椭圆食粉螨，发现普通肉食螨的捕食量最大，其次是鳞翅触足螨，最少的是螯钳螨。5个恒温状态下，普通肉食螨不同螨态对椭圆食粉螨的功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型。其中雌成螨的捕食能力最强、其次是雄螨、若螨、幼螨；普通肉食螨以椭圆食粉螨为猎物，28℃时具有较高的捕食效能。在猎物密度不变的情况下，捕食螨自身密度对捕食率有干扰作用，密度升高，捕食率下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aleuroglyphus ovatus （Troupeau）, 1878 has a worldwide distribution and belongs to the commonest pests of various food.This paper studies systematically on population ecology of A. ovatus.The main results were as follows:1. Effect of temperature on development of A.ovatus: The duration among all immature stages were shortened with increasing temperature. Between 20℃and 32℃, developmental time was 39.13 days at 20℃and 14.7 days at 32℃. The analysis suggested that the relationship between development and temperatures was fitter for logistic equation model. And the developmental threshold temperature and effective temperature summation of different developmental stages were worked out by the linear regression equation and Lidian-mo’s optional methods. And we considered that Lidian-mo’s optional methods is better than the linear regression equation by C.V.2. The experimental population life tables of A.ovatus: The longest longevity was 42.870 days at 20℃, and the maximum total eggs per female were 70.828 at 28℃. The experimental population life tables of A.ovatus were constructed at 20℃,24℃,28℃and 32℃. The results showed that the net reproductive rate（R₀） reached the highest values of 45.532 at 28℃, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase （r_m） and finite rate of increase （λ） increased with temperature to a peak of 0.156 and 1.169 at 28℃. The time for population to double was shortest of 4.431 days at 28℃. However, the sex ratio was increased with increasing temperatures.3. The influence of higher temperature（37℃-49℃） on different stages of A.ovatus: At 49℃,it taked 35min to kill all the adults,30min to all the tonymphs and 25min to all the larva, but it taked 42h to kill all the adults,21h to kill all the tonymphs and 18h to kill all the larva at 40℃. At 37℃, it could continue growth.4. The predation of Cheyletidae to A.ovatus: the predaceous role of 3 mites of Cheyletidae to A. ovatus was studied in different density, the results showed that the number of feeding was the maxium for Cheyletus eruditus. At five constant temperatures, all the functional response of Cheyletus eruditus on A.ovatus exhib ited Holling’s Type-Ⅱfunctional response. The adult female of Cheyletus eruditus was the most efficient predatory stage, followed by the adualt male, tonymph and larva; Among all stages and temperatures, adult female was the most efficient predatory stage at 28℃. The predator’s density affected its preying ratio and the preying ratio decreased with the increasing predator’s density.更多还原