【作者】 杨新月；

【导师】 王晓原；

【作者基本信息】 山东理工大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 智能运输系统(Intelligent Transportation Systems,ITS)是一个融人-车-路-环境(交通四要素)为一体的开放、随机巨系统。它的许多子系统,如先进的交通管理系统、先进的出行者信息系统、先进的车辆控制与安全系统等,都与人-车单元直接相关,以车辆运行构成的交通流为主要研究对象。其中,先进的车辆控制与安全系统又称为汽车智能驾驶系统,包括汽车智能辅助驾驶系统和汽车智能自动驾驶系统等研究内容。交通四要素中,具有综合认知活动与协同操作能力的人(驾驶员),是道路交通系统的信息处理者和决策者,是主导因素,具有自适应、自学习和信息加工反馈能力,在协调和控制交通四要素的各个环节中起着举足轻重的作用,其行为研究成为ITS及其重要子系统仿真实现的关键环节,也是微观交通流仿真研究的理论基础。因此,对交通系统自组织演化规律的研究,需以驾驶员的行为特性研究为核心,把人-车-路-环境作为一个统一系统来考虑。本文从微观交通流仿真建模和汽车智能驾驶系统仿真研究的根本需求出发,以驾驶员行为特性研究为核心,从驾驶员认知心理角度,研究了多源信息刺激下驾驶员任务集聚、心理-物理综合认知拓扑结构和认知活动链;根据汽车智能驾驶系统控制过程和驾驶员综合认知过程之间的相似性,探讨了不同驾驶行为模式的决策机制、车辆运行模式的执行机制以及驾驶员序贯反应机理;最终将驾驶员综合认知序贯活动模型应用于高速公路车道控制仿真系统。仿真结果表明,多源信息刺激下驾驶员任务集聚、综合认知序贯活动模型,与以往单一考虑驾驶员跟驰和换道的行为模型相比,能更逼真、更有效地刻画真实的驾驶员行为,为微观交通流仿真建模研究和智能运输系统及其重要子系统的仿真实现提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is an open stochastic huge system, which is composed of human, vehicle, road and environment (namely, four elements in transportation, FET). Many subsystems of ITS, such as ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management Systems), ATIS (Advanced Traveler Information Systems) and AVCSS (Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems), are related to the human-vehicle unit and consider traffic flow as the main subject investigated. AVCSS is also called IVDS (Intelligent Vehicle Driving Systems), which includes VSADS (Vehicle Safety Assistant Driving Systems) and VADS (Vehicle Automatic Driving Systems). With the integrated cognitive activity and the cooperative operation capability, driver is an information manager and decision maker in road traffic system, which has the self-adapted and self-learning capability of information processing and feedback, what is more, driver plays an important role in controlling FET. Study of driving behavior is becoming an important content of realizing ITS, as well as the theory basis of simulating the microscopic traffic flow. So researches on the self-organized evolvement rules of traffic system should be focused on the driving behavior characteristics, and FET also should be considered as a whole system.According to the demands of microscopic traffic flow simulation modeling and realization of IVDS by simulation, based on the driving behavior characteristics and driver cognitive psychology, the psycho-physical integrated cognitive activity chain is studied under the stimulus of multi-resource information. According to the similarity between the control process of IVDS and the integrated cognitive process of drivers, the decision mechanism of different driving behavior modes and the operation mechanism of different vehicle running modes, as well as the driver sequential reaction mechanism are all discussed in this paper. Finally, the Integrated Cognitive Sequential Activity Model (ICSAM) is applied in the freeway lane control simulation system. The simulation results show that, the driving behavior described by ICSAM is more realistic and effective than that described by the existed behavior models which only consider the car-following and lane-changing behaviors. The theory basis can be provided for the study of the microscopic traffic flow and the realization of ITS by simulation.更多还原