【作者】 欧丽华；

【导师】 匡乐满；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 光学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 关联成像，又名符合成像和鬼成像，是近年来量子光学领域研究前沿的热点问题之一。通常的关联成像是利用非相干光的空间关联实现的成像方式，关联的光分别输入不同的线性光学系统，称为取样系统和参考系统，待成像物体放置在取样系统中，通过取样和参考系统的符合测量，物体的空间分布以非定域的形式再现在参考系统中。最初，关联成像曾被认为是量子纠缠所特有的属性，量子纠缠是实现关联成像的必要条件。后来，这种观点在实验上和理论上都受到了挑战。进一步的研究表明经典关联可以模仿量子纠缠的某些性质，而热光或准热光存在这种经典关联。随着对关联成像研究的深入，人们发展了关联成像的几何光学。从前人们讨论的热光源关联成像方案仅仅利用了热光的二阶关联，因此称之为二阶关联成像。二阶关联成像只能得到待成像物体的一个鬼像，利用热光关联成像系统得到同一待成像物体的多个鬼像是一个非常值得研究的问题。本文朝着高阶关联成像研究迈出了第一步，研究最简单的高阶关联成像—三阶关联成像。我们提出一种三阶关联成像协议，利用该协议通过热光源的三阶关联和三阶符合测量得可到同一物体的在两个不同地方的鬼像。本文的主要创新结果如下：(1)我们提出了实现同一待成像物体在两个不同地方的鬼像的协议，根据协议提出两种光学方案：不同路径和同一路径关联成像方案；(2)我们计算了这两种光学方案的三阶关联函数，根据三阶关联函数的特点，推导了相应的高斯薄透镜成像方程；(3)我们发展了三阶关联成像的几何光学，利用三阶关联函数和相应的高斯薄透镜成像方程详细地分析了这两种光学方案的几何光学，并画出几何光路图。我们还讨论了鬼像的虚实特性。研究表明热光的三阶关联成像比二阶关联成像存在更丰富的成像资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, much attention has been paid to correlated imaging whichis also called as ghost imaging or coincidence imaging: Usual correlated imaging is a technique which allows one to perform coherent imaging with incoherent light by exploiting the spatial correlation. Each of the correlated beams issent through a distinct imaging system, traditionally called the test and thereference arm. In the test arm an object is placed and information about theobject is recreated from the spatial correlation function between the test andreference arm in a nonlocal fashion by means of the second-order correlationmeasurement. Initially the possibility of performing correlated imaging wasascribed to the presence of spatial entanglement between the two arms. Itwas claimed that entanglement was a crucial prerequisite for achieving ghostimaging. Lately this view has been challenged from both theoretical and experimental aspects. It has been shown that classical correlation can play thesame or similar role as quantum entanglement. A thermal or quasi-thermalsource can exhibit such a classical correlation. Actually a very close formalanalogy was demonstrated between ghost imaging with thermal and quantumentangled beams, which implied that classically correlated beams were able toemulate all the relevant features of quantum ghost imaging, with the only exception of the visibility. Studies on ghost imaging has led to the developmentof a new field, named ghost imaging geometric optics.In previous correlated imaging schemes using thermal sources with classical correlation, only the second order correlation of the light field is used. Sothey may be called as the second-order correlated imaging which can give onlyone ghost image of an object. An interesting problem which rises naturally is how to create many ghost images from one object by correlated imagingsystems. As the simplest higher-order correlated imaging, in this paper, wepropose a third-order correlated imaging protocol to create two ghost imagesat two different places from one object through using a third-order correlatedthermal source and the third-order correlation measurement. The main resultsof the thesis include the following contents.(ⅰ) We propose a protocol to create two ghost images at two differentplaces from one object. This protocol involves two optical configurations: thedifferent-path ghost imaging configuration and the same-path ghost imagingconfiguration.(ⅱ) We calculate third-order correlation functions for the two ghost imaging configurations, and derive the corresponding Gaussian thin lens equationsin terms of the third-order correlation functions.(ⅲ) We develop the geometrical optics of the third-order correlated imaging processes for the two ghost imaging configurations. We investigate thegeometrical optics of the two ghost imaging configurations in detail throughanalyzing the third-order correlation functions and related correlated imagingequations and plotted the graphics of the geometrical optics. We discuss thevirtual or real characteristics of ghost images. It is indicated that the thirdorder correlated ghost imaging with thermal light exhibits richer correlatedimaging effects than the second-order correlated ghost imaging with thermallight.更多还原