【作者】 刘业祥；

【导师】 韩建康；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 冰川是地球历史重要的信息源之一，记录历史时期气候与环境的自然变化及其现代人类活动对它们的影响。其信息具有时间尺度长、精度高、信息量大等优点。本文利用冰川学与统计学原理、借助多种软件对崇测冰芯中的稳定氧同位素、阴阳离子数据资料进行分析、处理，并借鉴国内外最新研究成果，力图恢复研究区域一段历史时期气候与环境的变化。通过分析崇测冰芯中的稳定氧同位素(δ¹⁸O)，得出20世纪近百年来研究区温度在波动中呈上升趋势，大致分为三个时期：1903～1940年为逐渐上升时期、1941～1970年为下降时期、1971～1992年为上升时期；第一个时期波动较大，第二个时期基本平稳，第三个时期波动最大。与此同时发现，在冰芯资料与塔克拉玛干周围气象台站夏季气温记录在可比的30～40年间存在着显著的正相关关系，据此重建了塔克拉玛干周边地区20世纪前半叶夏季气温趋势变化，在世纪尺度上该区气温呈波动上升趋势，沙漠90余年中夏季气温上升幅度约为1.2℃。崇测冰芯中主要阳离子年沉积量近百年平均值由大到小的顺序依次为Ca²⁺＞Na⁺＞Mg²⁺＞K⁺，与这些离子在地壳中的顺序一致。离子来源分析表明：Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺来源于陆源物质，陆源物质与盐湖是Na⁺、C1^-、SO₄^<sub>2-离子的主要贡献者，NO₃^-离子来自陆源物质、闪电等。离子含量变化分析显示：阳离子Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺的年沉积量在波动性变化中呈现出下降趋势，而K⁺离子的年沉积量在波动变化中上升；阴离子Cl^-、SO₄^2-离子年沉积量在波动变化中呈现出下降趋势，两种离子的周期性波动变化比较相似，20世纪晚期比早期和中期的波动幅度小；而NO₃^-离子年沉积量在波动变化中上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Glacier is one of important sources of earth history,recording nature variation of climate and environment inhistorical period including the effect of modern human beingactivity on environment. The information in glaciers has manymerits as long time scale, highly precision, large information,and so on. Analyzing and dealing with the data ofδ¹⁸O, anionand cation by using the principle of glacier and statistics andunder the help of some software and by means of lately resultsof research, the paper tries to reestablish the variations ofclimate and environment in the studied areas for a historyperiod.After analyzing theδ¹⁸O in Changee Ice Core, we educe thatthe temperature in the area has a general upward trend withthree obvious waves: gradual upward stage in 1903～1940、downward stage in 1941～1970、upward stage in 1971～1992; Thefirst period has big wave, the second period is smooth, thethird period has the largest wave. At the same time, there isa positive correlation between the records of summertemperature in observatories around Taklimakan Desert and thedata of the ice core in a compatible period for 30-40 years from1950s to 1992. The trend of temperature variation in summer inthe front half century around raklimakan Desert has beenreestablished according to this. The temperature has a waveupward trend in a century scale, and the upward extent covered90 years in Summer in the desert is about 1.2℃.The mean value order of main cations from big to small inthe annual deposition for 90 years in Chongce ice core isCa²⁺＞Na⁺＞Mg²⁺＞K⁺. It has the same order as that in the crust. The analysis of the source of ion shows: the ions of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺are from the crustal materials. The crustal materials and saltlakes for ions of Na⁺、CI^-、SO₄^2-are the main contribution. Theion of NO₃^- originates from crustal materials and lightning andso forth. The analysis of the variation of ion content shows:the annual deposition of Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺ has a fluctuationdownward trend, while that of K⁺ has a fluctuation upward trend;and that of Cl^-, SO₄^2- has a fluctuation downward trend, theperiodical fluctuation variation between the two ions has thecomparative similar. But the fluctuation extent in thelate-term is smaller than that in the early-term andmedium-term in the twenty century, while the annual depositionof NO₃^- is on upward trend in the fluctuation variation.更多还原