【作者】 杨明健；

【导师】 马伯钧；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代社会，经济的全球化加速了企业对各类人才的需求，越来越多的企业意识到：市场经济条件下企业的竞争关键是人才的竞争。因此，企业应当加强对人力资本的投资，切实把握人才资本投资的方向和重点，获取高效能的投资回报。自从二十世纪60年代，人力资本理论诞生以来，经过四十多年的发展，人力资本理论已经开始从社会宏观领域发展到企业微观领域。当前对企业人力资本投资的研究基本上集中在培训领域，我认为，企业人力资本投资方式并非只有培训，投资方式是一个由投资对象和投资内容两个层面所组成的系统。本文从对企业人力资本的特点出发，对企业人力资本投资的投资对象和投资内容进行了具体的探讨。文章分为四个部分：第1章，绪论，主要是介绍人力资本理论发展的基本情况；第2章是有关于企业人力资本投资方式的基本理论，作者把企业人力资本的构成要素分为能力系统和动力系统两个部分，把价值观、态度、毅力、合作精神等心理因素纳入到了企业人力资本构成要素当中。提出了对企业人力资本投资方式的研究应该包括投资对象和投资内容两个层次；第3章，企业人力资本投资对象，就投资对象来说，企业中存在包括企业家、管理者和知识员工在内的不同类型的人力资本，企业家位于企业的中心位置，他的职责是组织各种资源(包括了其他类型的人力资本)，创造性的把握市场机会，在这个过程中需要具备强烈的进取心和坚忍不拔的毅力。企业家人力资本投资方式有非常明显的“干中学”特点；管理者在企业中起着承上启下的作用，他们的主要职责是通过管理的手段来执行企业家的目标和计划，执行力是管理者人力资本的最重要要素。知识型员工就是通过创造性地使用知识和生产知识，来为企业创造价值的员工。这种类型的人力资本的根本在于创新，对这种类型的人力资本的投资，关键在于提高他们的创新能力。本文第4章，企业人力资本投资内容，培训投资、健康投资、配置投资是企业人力资本投资的三个最主要的内容。在培训投资这一节，作者对一般培训和特殊培训这两种培训进行和分析，认为一般性培训有扩大的趋势，而特殊培训的内容则出现新的变化，企业要根据自身的情况选择一般培训和特殊培训。在健康投资这一节，作者认为：企业在人力资本健康投资中担负着不可推卸的主体责任，因为健康投资品的主要供给者是企业。在配置投资中，作者认为企业人力资本的配置投资与人力资本迁移投资一样，能够促进人力资本的效率，并提出了人力资本配置最优化的模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern society, economic globalization has accelerated thedemand for all kinds of talents, and more and more enterprises come torealize that the key competition between enterprises is the competition oftalent in the market economy. So enterprises should increase the humancapital investment, in order to obtain high-efficiency repayment of theinvestment. The human capital theory was first put forward by Schultz.After more than 40 years’ development, it has extended frommacro-social scopes to microcosmic enterprise scopes. The present studyon enterprise human investment is mainly focused on training. But as Ithink, the method of investment in enterprise human capital is not onlytraining. The methods of investment is a system that integrated byinvestment object and investment content. In this article, the authorparticularly analyses the investment object and the investment contentbased on the characteristics of enterprise human capital.The article is composed of four chapters. The first chapter: exordium,introduces the development of human capital theory; the second chapter:the basic theories related to the methods of investment in enterprisehuman capital. The author disparts the elements forming the enterprisehuman capital into two parts: capability system and motivation systembringing mentality element such as value judgment, attitude, willpowerand team spirit into account. It is proposed that the investment object and investment content ought to be involved in the study on enterprise humancapital investment methods. The third chapter: the objects of investmentin enterprise human capital, the objects consist of various human capitals,which include entrepreneur, management stuff and knowledge stuff.Entrepreneur lies in the center of the enterprise, with the duty oforganizing resources of various kinds, holding the opportunity in themarket, in this process, enterprise and unchangeable willpower are veryimportant. The method of investment in entrepreneur human capital has avery clear character of "learning by doing"; management stuff is a linkbetween the preceding and the following, their main duty is to execute theentrepreneur’s objects and plans through management. Executivecapability is the most important element of human capitals. Knowledgestuff is those who create value by using and innovating knowledge. Thekey of this kind of human capital is innovation, and the key of investingto this kind of human capital is to improve their innovation capability.The fourth chapter: the content of investment in enterprise human capital,investment in training, investment in health and investment in allocationare three primary contents of investment. In investment in training, theauthor analyzes the common training and the special training, points outthat the common training tends to expand, and the special training beginsto show new content. So, enterprises should choose them according totheir own situation. In investment in health, the author figures that enterprises should take a full responsibility of employees’ health, since itis the main provider of the health investment goods. In investment inallocation, the author figures that as same as transfer, investment inallocation can also promote the efficiency of human capital, and theauthor puts forwards a model of human capital allocation optimization.更多还原