【作者】 陈薇；

【导师】 刘克明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 首次对15种凤仙花属植物的解剖学和种子微形态学进行了研究。结果表明：1．15种凤仙花属植物在形态上较重要的分类学性状主要有叶脉数目、总花梗的有无、花的数目、颜色、花部结构特征以及果实的形状等，但由于这些形态性状易受环境的影响而存在着较大的可塑性，因而用这些特征区分种类繁多的凤仙花属植物有时是困难的。2．15种凤仙花属植物的雌蕊解剖学特征存在着一定差异，这些差异主要表现在心皮数目、子房室数、子房壁外缘形状、胚珠数目等。根据心皮数和子房室数可将供研究的15种植物分为2种类型，即四心皮、四室类型和五心皮、五室类型，其中湖北凤仙花、多脉凤仙花和窄萼凤仙花属于前种类型，其余种类属于后种类型。根据子房壁外缘形状则可分为凸隆型、月弯型和平缓型等3种类型。3．茎的解剖学及细胞组织中草酸钙结晶的研究表明，15种凤仙花属植物茎的解剖学特征非常近似，它们对于本属的分类学价值是十分有限的。而茎中草酸钙结晶特征则差异显著，15种凤仙花属植物茎中均有草酸钙针晶，根据草酸钙结晶形态特征的不同，可将针晶分为3种类型，即针晶束、针晶簇和散针晶。针晶的形态、长度、排列方式及丰富程度等在不同的物种中亦有差异。草酸钙结晶特征对凤仙花属植物的分类具有重要的科学意义。4．根据15种凤仙花属植物的种子表皮微形态特征特别是种皮表面纹饰及其衍生物的特点，可将该属植物的种皮微形态划分为4种类型，即光滑型、颗粒型、网状型和隆起型，后两者又可细分为若干亚型，其中负网状亚型和网状-丘状隆起亚型为本研究首次报导。15种凤仙花属植物种子表皮微形态特征差异显著，这些微形态学特征作为属内种的分类鉴别特征具有重要价值。15种凤仙花属植物茎的解剖学，特别是茎中草酸钙结晶、雌蕊子房的解剖学以及种子的微形态学研究等，在很大程度上丰富了凤仙花属的系统学资料，对该属的分类及种间关系的探讨等具有重要意义。5．根据雌蕊子房的解剖学特征及茎中草酸钙结晶特征的差异，结合形态学及生境特征分析，探讨了紫花黄金凤的分类学地位问题，认为紫花黄金凤应提升为一个独立的种。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anatomy arid seed micromorphology of 15 species of Impatiens L. have been studied for the first time. Results are as follows:1. The main morphological characters of 15 species of Impatiens are the number of the vein,the inflorescences sessile or pedunculate, the number and the colour of the flower, the characteristic of the flower’ structure and the shape of the capsule, and so on. But these morphological characteristics are easy to be impacted by environment and have more variability. So, sometimes it is difficult to use these characteristics to identify Impatiens that have numerous species.2. There are some differences in the structure of the gynoecium of the 15 species in Impatiens. The differences include the number of the carpel, the number of the locule, the shape of the ovary’ s wall, the amount of the ovule, and so on. Two types can be divided according to the number of the carpel and the locule, namely, the 4 carpels and 4 locules, and the 5 carpels and 5 locules. Impatiens pritzelii, I.polyneura and I. stenosepala belong to the former type, and the other species belong to the latter type. Basing on the shape of the ovary’ s wall, three types can be divided, that are the flange type, the moon type and the plane type.3. Stem morphology and characteristic of calcium oxalate crystals in 15 species in Impatiens are first studied. The results showed that there are little anatomical differences between the 15 species, but the diversity of the characteristic of calcium oxalate crystals is big. All of the 15 species of Impatiens contain raphides. According to morphological characters of the raphides, three types of the raphides are divided as following: focal raphides, clustered raphides and scattered raphides. Besides, the shape, length, distribution and the abundance degree of the raphides are different among the 15 species in Impatiens. The characteristic of calcium oxalate crystals seems to be of important significance in Impatiens taxon.4. Micromorphological features of seed surface of 15 species in Impatiens are examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the characters of the epidermal ornamentation of seed coat and the granules on the cell surface, the micromorphological features of seed surfaces in Impatiens can be divided into 4 types, namely, laevigate, granulate, reticulate and protrusive. The latter two types can be further divided into subdivisions according to the shape of the epidermal ornamentation of the seed coat. The areolate subtype and the reticulate-colliculate subtype are observed for the fist time. The results show that there are predominant differences among the 15 species, and therefore can be used as reliable diagnostic characters to identify species.The anatomy, especially including the study on the calcium oxalate crystals in stems and the anatomical characteristic of the gynoecium’ s, and the seed micromorphology of 15 species in Impatiens, have enriched systematic data of Impatiens, which will be much significant both in taxonomic research and in discussion of systematic relationships.5. The taxonomic status of Impatiens siculifer Hook, f. var. porphyrea Hook. f. is discussed. The researchs show that there are much difference between the Impatiens siculifer Hook. f. var. porphyrea Hook. f. and the Impatiens siculifer Hook. f., such as the diversities of the anatomical characteristic of the gynoecium’ s and characteristic of the calcium oxalate crystals in stems. According to these results along with the difference in the morphology and the habitat, we think impatiens siculiferHook, f. var. porphyrea Hook. f. maybe rank an independent species.更多还原