【作者】 刘莉；

【导师】 蒋坚松；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 艾兹拉·庞德是美国现代文学史上杰出的诗人，同时也是一位出色的翻译家。他从东方学家费诺罗萨的遗稿中选译了19首中国古诗，并于1915年以《华夏集》命名结集出版。自其发行以来，《华夏集》一直是一部褒贬不一、倍受争议的作品。本文试从翻译改写理论的视角，采用描述性研究方法，对这部译作进行重新审视和评价。改写理论由比利时学者安德烈·勒菲弗尔提出。该理论认为，翻译是所有对原文本进行加工的改写形式中最显著的一种。某一特定时期和社会的意识形态与诗学决定和操纵着各种改写；反过来，任何改写也都反映和服务于某一意识形态或诗学。改写，尤其是翻译，在对立意识形态或诗学的斗争中发挥着重要作用。通过对《华夏集》产生的时代及文学背景进行考察，和对中国古诗原文、部分费氏笔记及《华夏集》英译文进行描述性对比细读，本文指出《华夏集》是一部由庞德所处时代的意识形态及诗学共同促成的改写作品。就意识形态而言，当时第一次世界大战的严峻形势对庞德翻译的选材产生了直接影响。庞德从费诺罗萨遗稿中挑出19首中国古诗译成《华夏集》，并非随意而为，而是精心选择用以突出战乱、离别、羁旅、怀旧、幻灭等战争题材；而在翻译过程中，庞德也往往不惜背离原文意义和费氏的注释，着力渲染战时人们的心理和情感。就诗学而言，19世纪末20世纪初英美诗坛占统治地位的后期维多利亚诗学开始衰退，以庞德为首的英美诗人发动了意象主义、漩涡主义等一系列诗学革新运动，提倡使用恰切的意象和漩涡，通俗简洁的语言，及富于音乐性的节奏来呈现事物和表达情感。中国古诗的诸多特征与新诗学的要求刚好不谋而合，于是庞德通过翻译《华夏集》展示这种新诗学，借以推动新诗学的发展；在翻译过程中，庞德也往往根据其诗学主张对原文本进行一定程度的操控，如凸显意象、采掘漩涡、重情感暗示、使用当代语言及灵活节奏等。无论是对费氏笔记的挑选及编纂过程，还是对中国古诗的翻译过程，《华夏集》的产生都折射出来自庞德所处时代的意识形态和诗学的影响。将《华夏集》视为意识形态和诗学操控下的改写这一结论，有助于我们对这部毁誉参半的作品做出更客观、更科学的评价，也为我们更好地理解庞德及其翻译提供了一些启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ezra Pound (1885-1972),one of the most outstanding poets in modem American literary history,is also an excellent translator. The year 1915 saw the appearance of Pound’s Cathay,a collection of English translations of 19 Chinese ancient poems from Earnest Fenollosa’s manuscripts.Ever since its publication,Cathay has been controversial,both arousing admiration and provoking condemnation for various reasons.This thesis, which is essentially descriptive rather than prescriptive,is an attempt to reexamine and reevaluate Cathay in the light of the Rewriting Theory in translation studies.The Rewriting Theory proposed by Andre Lefevere subsumes translation under a wide range of text-processing practices or rewritings,which are motivated,conditioned and manipulated by two factors, namely, ideology and poetics at a given time in a given society;meanwhile,all rewritings,translation being the most obvious type,reflect and serve a certain ideology or poetics.The crucial role played by translation in the struggle between opposing ideological and poetical currents is also highlighted in the theory.In this thesis, through an investigation into the historical and literary background against which Cathay was produced,and through a careful reading of the poems in Cathay alongside the Chinese original as well as the available Fenollosa’s notes,we argue that Cathay is a rewriting whose image is constructed jointly by ideology and poetics of Pound’s era. In terms of ideology,the overpowering atmosphere of the First World War inclines Pound towards a deliberate selection and compilation of translation materials from Fenollosa’s notes.The 19 poems presented in Cathay share the same concern for war-time themes of separation, exile,estrangement,nostalgia,disillusionment,etc.,which is a true reflection of people’s psychological and emotional responses to the war;furthermore, in the translating process,Pound makes painstaking efforts to emphasize and intensify the inner emotions of the war-stricken people in spite of obvious deviations from both the original text and from the intermediary of Fenollosa’s notes.In terms of poetics, Cathay is an effort by Pound to demonstrate and advance a new poet.ics as against an old one.In order to revolutionize the decadent late-Victorian poetics prevalent at the turn of the twentieth century,Pound launched Imagism and Vorticism which featureprecise presentation of images and vortexes,economy of expression,musical rhythm, common language, etc.Certain characteristics of Chinese poetry are found in perfect accordance with the credos of the new poetics so that Chinese poetry is enlisted to support and enhance the newly spruced-up poetics. In his translation,Pound consciously manipulates the original texts according to his own poetic beliefs,hence the highlighting of images,the invention of vortexes,the method of emotional suggestion,and the employment of modem language and flexible rhythm.In conclusion,whether viewed as a compilation of Fenollosa’s manuscripts or as a translation of Chinese poems, Cathay is a rewriting determined by ideology and poetics in Pound’s era.This understanding may be conducive to a more scientific and objective evaluation of Cathay and to a deeper insight into Pound and his translations as a whole.更多还原