【作者】 申美玲；

【导师】 李桂梅；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前中国是世界上老年人口最多的国家，占全球老年人口总量的1／5，中国人口老龄化现象日趋严重。如何成功解决老人的养老问题逐渐成为我国社会关注的焦点。本文从伦理学的视角提出家庭养老更符合中国人的文化传统，指出我国养老应以家庭养老为主，社会养老为辅，推进养老社会化体系建设。本文首先对什么是家庭养老作了进一步的界定，指出家庭养老应包括家庭养老模式和家庭养老方式。家庭养老模式体现了一种文化模式，具有稳定性，其核心是血缘道义；家庭养老方式是一种行为方式、生活方式，具有不稳定性。家庭养老一直以来都是我国传统的养老方式。但在人口老龄化与改革开放的新形势下，这种传统的家庭养老正受到前所未有的挑战，家庭养老功能弱化的速度比人们预计的快得多。因此，巩固家庭养老，切实保障老年人的合法权益，已成为中国目前一个十分紧迫的社会问题。在我国，社会养老虽然在一定程度上对我国现阶段的养老作了一定贡献，但由于社会养老功能单一，不利于老年人的身心健康，且由于我国进入老年化社会人口基数大，国家财政负担过于增大，势必会影响到社会投资和经济水平发展，加上社会保障制度正处于改革过程中，养老保险基金具有不稳定性，尤其是农村落后的经济条件制约社会养老的发展，所以，在我国仍然主要是采取家庭养老方式来解决养老问题。中国家庭养老有其存在的伦理文化基础和伦理价值。因为家庭养老核心是血亲价值，而体现这种血亲价值的普遍的伦理观念——孝，成为维系家庭养老得以正常运行的传统伦理文化基础，而老一代对下一代的“责任伦理”则成为家庭养老得以延续的现实伦理文化基础。因此，实行家庭养老符合中国人的文化传统。文章最后阐明了中国养老的伦理对策。通过对国外养老模式和我国目前实际进行分析，我们认为最好的养老方式是家庭养老与社会养老相结合，且以家庭养老为主，社会养老为辅，在继续鼓励老人自养、家庭赡养的基础上，大力推进养老社会体系建设。为更好地发挥家庭养老的作用，我国也应该强化家庭养老从伦理型向法制型的转变，突出强调家庭养老的责任和义务，把家庭养老的功能以制度的形式确定下来。同时营造良好的养老敬老的社会氛围，真正让老年人在温馨的家庭里，在和谐的社会环境中安度晚年!更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, china is a country with most old people in the world, which accounts for one fifth of the total number of that of the world. The aging problem in China is becoming increasingly serious. How to provide for the aged has gradually come out as the focus of our society.This thesis suggests that parents should be looked after within their own family in accordance with Chinese cultural tradition, which is supposed to be dominant in solving this problem with the help of the whole society and we should make every endeavor to promote the building of the system of social providing the aged. This thesis first dealing with a further defining of family providing for parents, including the models and means of it. The models of it embody cultural patterns with certain stability, the nucleus of it being blood morality. The means of it is a kind of behavioral pattern or living style, without much stability. Looking after parents within a large family has long been a tradition in China, but under current situation of the age problem and reform and openness, this tradition is being challenged unprecedentedly. The function of looking after parents within a large family fades away unexpectedly. Therefore, safeguarding this fine tradition and protecting the legal rights of the aged has turned out to be a burning social problem now in China. In our country, social providing for the aged does make some contributions to this issue, but its disadvantages are clearly shown as follows: the function of it is monotonous; it does harm to the physical and mental health of the aged; a heavier burden due to a large population when changing into an aged society is sure to affect social investments and economic development; the funds of aging insurance is unstable due to the reform of social protection system and the backward economic conditions in rural areas will restrict the development of social providing for the aged. As a result, we solve the aging problem mainly through providing for parents in their own family and we do have the ethics foundation for this practice in China since we generally accept the ethics value of being falial and dutiful, which embodies blood value, the nucleus of family providing for the aged culture. This common ethics value of being falial and dutiful therefore turns out to be the ethical and cultural foundation of ensuring the functioning of family providing for the aged, while the "ethics responsibility" of the elder generation on the young generation becomes the practical ethical and cultural foundation which prolongs family providing for the aged. Thus, family providing for the aged is in accordance with Chinese cultural tradition.In the final analysis, the thesis deals with some ethics strategies of providing the aged in China by analyzing some overseas models and making clear the differences and similarity between these models, including their problems and trend of development, which will facilitate the building of our own system. Considering our current situation, the best way is to combine family providing with social providing, in which family plays a more important role, and make great efforts to promote the building of a social providing system on the basis of encouraging the aged to provide for themselves and family providing. It is also necessary for us to consolidate the changing of providing from an ethics type to a legal type, laying emphasis on the duty and obligation of family providing, thus stabilizing the function family providing in system. Meanwhile, we should create a favorable atmosphere of love and respect for the aged and guarantee the aged a peaceful life in a cozy family and harmonious social environment.更多还原