基于环境承载力分析的区域水污染物总量控制研究

【作者】 黄良辉；

【导师】 彭兵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展和人们对环境要求的不断提高，水环境压力不断增大，水污染物总量控制已经成为维持环境的平衡及社会可持续性发展的一个重要研究领域。本文结合当前环境背景综述环境承载力分析及水污染物总量控制研究进展，阐述了我国水环境污染问题在环境治理投资力度不断加大的前提下仍然日趋严峻的原因，分析了当前总量控制方式的不足之处。结合环境承载力的定义及内涵，提出了基于环境承载力分析的水污染物总量控制方法，针对广东省《惠州市环境保护规划》项目，综合应用环境科学、统计学、GIS及其信息处理技术等多学科知识，对水污染物总量控制进行系统的研究，将其应用于研究区域，提出适于研究区域环境保护的总量控制方法及综合整治方案，以保障区域水环境资源可持续性发展。作为总量控制方案的一种有益尝试，丰富和完善了总量控制的理论和方法，为环境决策管理人员提供科学依据和决策支持，取得以下研究结果：(1)结合环境承载力分析进行水污染物总量控制，通过分析环境承载力的内涵及发展，提出基于环境承载力分析的总量控制方法，避免了当前总量控制的注重点源而忽略非点源、注重主要污染物而忽略整个水环境承载力的问题，从而使得控制结果及方案更加系统、全面、客观、科学。提出了适于基于环境承载力分析的水污染物总量控制的技术路线，将其应用于案例分析，证明具有明显优越性。(2)对总量控制方案中水污染源现状调查、水环境质量评价、水污染排放预测、水污染物总量控制模型的建立、污染物负荷分配等内容的各种方法进行比较分析，研究其适应条件和优缺点，并从中选择条件更优、效果更好的方法进行应用。(3)研究了如何克服企业虚报、漏报污染数据导致区域工业污染源数据失真的问题。惠州是一个地理、水文、产业布局非常复杂的大区域，其历史数据仅工业污染源数据就达到上百万个，要核实数据真实性，修正其本底值，工作量非常之大。本文提出用物料衡算法结合改进的修正系数进行工业污染源现状调查方法，并结合研究区域建立了相应的技术路线，很好地修正了区域水环境本底值，完善了区域的污染源数据库，为水环境污染总量负荷的科学、公平、合理地分配提供了保障。(4)结合行政区划，考虑区域社会经济发展要求进行水环境功能区划分的问题。结合现有功能区划，通过对区域社会经济人口发展及规划进行深入分析，采用GIS可视化技术，提出对水环境功能要求更为严格、科学、与行政区划很好结合的水环境功能区划分。(5)本文基于环境承载力分析的总量控制在进行点源污染控制的同时考虑了对非点源污染的控制，并尝试了与区域环境规划的有机结合，同时将GIS等3S技术进行较好应用，为总量控制技术的发展和更快捷、科学、更易识别的决策支持系统的建立和完善奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of social economy and the improvement ofpeople’s requests to the environment, the pressure of water environmentis increasing. Water pollution control becomes an important research fieldin keeping the balance of environment and the sustainable developmentof the society. Combining with the research of the current environment,the load dint analysis and the total amount control were investigated, andthe reason of why the water pollution is still serious with the investmenton environmental abatement was discussed. The shortage of current totalamount control was analyzed. It was stated in the paper that the’ methodof water pollution total control based on the environment load dintanalysis under the connotation of the environment loads dint. In the studyof the project for environment protection of Huizhou city, the waterpollution total control put forward to the total amount control plansuitable for the environmental protection with sustainable development ofwater environment was investigatied through applying environmentalscience, the statistics analysis, GIS, and the information technique ect. Atthe same time, it abounded with the theory and method of total amountcontrol and provided science basis and decision support for theenvironmental managers. The conclusion of the research is as following:The problem of how to combine the analysis of environmentalcapacity to the total amount control of the water pollution was studied.The control method based on the environment load dint analysis wasbrought forward by the analysis of the environmental load dint analysis. Itcould avoid the disadvantages of current total amount control whichpaid attention only to point source. And it could also avoid the problembeating capacity of water environment. So, the control result and projectcould be more overall, objective, and scientific. Meanwhile, the techniqueroute diagram of the total amount control based on the environmentalload dint analysis was discussed. And it was proved to be better throughthe case study.The method of the total quantity control plan in water pollution source present in situation investigation, the water environmental qualityassessment, the forecast of water pollution discharges and the assignmentof water pollution load were carried out on the comparative analysis. Themore superior and better methods were chosen and carried out in theapplication.The problem of how to overcome wrong data of Industry source ofpollution because of enterprise making false report was studied. Webrought forward a method of industry source of pollution presentsituation investigation by the materials accounting method combiningwith modified correction coefficient. The corresponding technical roadmap was established in the paper, which can modify the backgroundvalue of water environment, consummate the database of the regionsource of pollution and provide a guarantee for the allotment of science inthe environment reasonable.The problem of how to divide water environment function areabased on administrative divisions and the demand of regional socialeconomic development were discussed. By the study of the analysis ofcurrent administrative divisions, the development of local society,economy and population through the adopting of GIS visible technology,the more scientific and suitable method to divide water environmentalfunction area was brought forward in the paper.The total amount control in this paper considered the point pollutionsource control and non-point source control based on the analysis ofenvironmental bearing capacity. It was also conbined with the regionalenvironmental plan and application of GIS and 3S. It could make thedevelopment of total amount control more scientific and easily availablein the future.更多还原