【作者】 谢敏；

【导师】 胡明； 王新才；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 建国以来，大规模的水利投入，建成了一大批具有综合利用功能的水库，取得了巨大的综合利用效益。但以往的水库调度，主要考虑协调除害与兴利的矛盾，注重发挥水库在防洪、发电、供水(灌溉)、航运等方面的作用，对其下游河流水环境及生态安全、库区水生态环境保护考虑较少。伴随着社会进步和治水思路的转变，为达到水资源可持续利用的目的，应将保护和改善河流水生态环境放在重要地位，根据水库水利任务调整和经济社会发展要求，积极探索维护健康河流，促进人水和谐的水库综合调度技术。首先本文系统总结了国内外关于生态环境需水、生态调度研究动态和发展趋势，提出了全文的研究内容和创新点。其次在分析生态与环境内涵的基础上，尝试建立了河流生态环境需水的界定、分解、量化等理论和方法。将生态环境需水量分解为河流基流量、生物需水量和环境需水量等三个分量，考虑了各分量与河流水文特征的关系，应用整合模型计算了全河流生态环境需水量。第三系统总结了国内外关于水华的概念、成因、模型的研究动态和发展趋势，从破坏水华的水文成因这一角度出发，提出了水华的防治对策。第四从保护河流水生态系统良性循环的角度，对国内外已有的研究成果、资料进行收集、汇总及分析，掌握国内外有关水资源生态调度研究的进展、典型实例的调度方式及实施效果，总结国内外水资源生态调度的主要方式、实践效果、经验与启示。第五，选择汉江中下游干流为典型区域，计算了汉江中下游干流水华的临界流速，并根据丹江口水库补偿调节下泄流量和引江济汉工程引水流量关系，建立补偿调节模型。由模型计算结果可知，通过丹江口水库增加枯水期下泄流量和引江济汉工程加大调水流量联合调度提供生态环境需水量，可降低汉江中下游“水华”发生的概率。最后，对全文工作进行了总结，并指出了有待进一步深入研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1949, lots of reservoirs have been built under the extensive investment for hydraulic engineering, which have gained great general efficiency. But the former flood control of reservoirs, mainly considering assorting with the contradiction between promoting beneficial and abolishing harmful, paid more attention to exert the functions on flood control, power generation, water supply (irrigation), shipping etc., and less attention to the water environment and ecological environment security in downstream and eco-environmental protection in upstream. As the development of the society and the guidance of new water control idea, in order to achieve the purpose of the sustainable use of water resources, we should lay emphasis upon the protection and improvement of the river ecological environment and actively research on the integrated flood control of reservoir according to the need of reservoir task’s changing and the economic society’s development, which can maintain the health of rivers and promote the harmonious relationship between human and water.The first Chapter is an introduction to the main research areas and innovations involved in this dissertation, by comprehensively reviewing the recent development of the domestic and international research situations on the eco-environmental water requirement, ecological operation, etc.In the second Chapter, a precise proposition including definition, decomposition and calculation of eco-environmental water requirement is attempted to be established, based on discussion of the technical terms of ecology and environment. The eco-environmental water requirement is divided into three sub flows: base flow, biology flow and environment flow. The full eco-environmental water requirement is figured up using the conformity calculation model, and its variety and determinant from the actual river’s hydrological characteristics are emphatically taken into innovative consideration.In Chapter 3, the countermeasure of alga bloom is proposed, according to the review of algal bloom.In Chapter 4, the conclusion is proposed by discussing connotations, mechanisms and criterions of the eco-environmental regulation.In Chapter 5, the case study is presented to the water resources system in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River characterized by seasonal water deficiency in south China. It is the first step to quantify the eco-environmental water requirement of Hanjiang River. A simulation model has been established, based on the relationship between the discharge of Danjiangkou reservoir and the flow rate of the diversion project from the Yangtze River to the Hanjiang river. The joint regulation of Danjiangkou reservoir increasing discharge and the diversion project from the Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River increasing flow rate, which provide the ecological water consumption of alga bloom, will markedly reduce the probability of algal bloom in Hanjiang river.The last Chapter is a conclusion of the whole dissertation. The main research efforts and contributions are summarized, and the topics that need further investigation are outlined.更多还原