【作者】 李钊文；

【导师】 王祥俊；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 社会学诞生于科学主义盛行的时代,其研究方法也多受科学理性的影响,主要是主客二元对立的实证主义方法。在中国社会学恢复与重建以来的二十多年里,社会学研究所运用的方法也多为实证主义方法。然而,后现代社会学思潮的崛起对其产生了难以抗拒的冲击,相对于传统社会学研究方法追求科学、理性、客观、普遍的和二元对立的方法,后现代社会学研究则致力于解构科学、理性的神话,追求多元的、价值关联和主体间性的方法,对更好的认识生活世界、获取知识具有重要意义,对社会学学科建设和建设社会主义和谐社会也有重要作用。本文基于半根基主义①的视角来讨论后现代思潮对社会学研究方法所带来的方法论和研究方式的冲击。主要观点是:后现代社会学研究方法与现代社会学研究方法在方法论上存在着巨大差异,从而也带来了研究方式上的差别,给社会学研究带来了新的机遇,因此在社会学研究中必须把两者恰当地融合起来,才能更好的认识和理解现实社会。为了既能突显后现代社会学研究方法对传统社会学研究方法的冲击和挑战,又有利于两者的对比,本文先对现代社会学研究方法进行论述,分别对实证主义研究方法和人文主义研究方法中受到后现代社会学研究批判的方法论进行深入讨论,从崇尚科学主义、崇尚理性、对普遍主义、客观性和价值中立的执着追求和主客二元对立的研究倾向等方面进行了深入分析,阐述其在现代社会学研究中根深蒂固的影响,并简略地论述了在其影响下的研究方法和技术。同时,为了能更好的理解社会学研究方法转向的社会基础,本文基于前人的研究基础,分别论述了自二十世纪六七十年代以来社会结构的变迁,以及由此引起的社会现象的变化。再由此论述社会学研究方法的转向,即现象学社会学的研究方法和常人方法学。其次,在对现代社会学研究方法的分析基础上,具体从反科学主义、反理性至上、反本质主义、反普遍论、反中心论与对差异性、片断化的强调、超越个体主义,强调主体间关系和否定社会学研究的客观性,强调对价值和意义的追求等方面来深入分析后现代社会学研究方法所倡导的方法论。再次,通过分析后现代社会学研究的方法论倾向对社会学研究方式和研究技术的影响,具体的总结了一些后现代社会学研究的具体研究方式与研究技术,如布迪厄的关系研究方法、福柯的考古学与系谱学方法以及其定性研究方法的倾向,强调“语言”的作用和谈话技术、对现象的历史生成和“解构”视角的强调等。最后,文章基于半根基主义的立场,对有关后现代社会学研究的评价标准进行了浅略的讨论,得出必须把现代社会学研究方法和后现代社会学研究方法两者结合起来,共同应用于社会学研究,走一条新的研究方法的道路。具体表现为:必须把科学与非科学、理性与非理性结合起来,同时并存、互为补充;必须取一种多向度、多视角的方法,而不能用单一视角去观察社会、研究社会;必须认识到社会学研究不能拒绝意义追求,但也要避免意义的碎片化;在研究方法和技术方面,要同时注重方法的特殊性和融合,在资料收集和资料分析上要相互补充。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sociology was born in the era of the scientific doctrine in vogue, and its research approach is greatly influenced by scientific ration too. It is basically the positivism orientation of dual opposition of host-guest, so in the time since Chinese sociology resumed and rebuilt over 20 years, the methods that the sociology research employed are mostly positivism methods too. However, because the emergence of the ideological trend of postmodern sociology has significantly impact on it, as to the research approach of traditional sociology which pursues the science, reason, objective, general and dual opposite methods, the research of postmodern sociology is devoted to deconstructing science and rational mythology, pursuing a plural one, value relevance and intersubjective method. Hence, It is significant to understand living world and obtain knowledge, and build the socialist harmonious society and sociology discipline.This study is based on a perspective of quasifoundationalism to discuss postmodern ideological trend brought toward sociology research methodology and research approach impact. The main point of view is: postmodern sociology research approach and modern sociology research approach have enormous differences on methodology, thus brought the different studying method, as well as the new opportunities to sociology study. Therefore, we must combine the two in sociology research properly to understand the realistic society.In order to meet the impact and challenge of research approach of postmodern sociology to the traditional sociology one, as well as to be favorable to the contrast of the two, this text describes the research approach of modern sociology at beginning, and then discusses thoroughly the sociological methodology that can be criticized by the postmodern sociology research in the positivism research approach and humanism research approach, from advocating the scientific doctrine and reason, persistent pursuit for general doctrine, objectivity and value neutrality, the inclination of dual opposition of host-guest to respect carry on in-depth analysis, explains its deep-rooted influence in modern sociology research, and describes research approaches and technologies under the influence of it simply.Secondly, to understand the social base better that sociology research approach change, this study describes the changes of the social structure on the basis of forefathers’ research foundation since 1960s-1970s, and the change of social phenomenon caused by this, and then describes the transformation of sociology research approach from this angle, such as the research approach of phenomenological sociology and ethnomethodology.Thirdly, on the basis of analysis on research approach of modern sociology, this thesis deeply analyze the methodologies pursued by the research of postmodern sociology from antiscientific doctrines, against reason the highest, anti-essential doctrine, anti-generally, anti-center theory and for difference, part emphasizes, surmount by individual doctrines, emphasize the relation between individuals and denying objectivity of sociology research, emphasize the pursuit to value and meaning.Fourthly, the author concretely analyzes some research method and research technologies of postmodern sociology studying, by analysis of postmodern sociology methodology that study inclined to the impact on sociology research method and research technology. Such as Perre Bourdieu’s relation research approach, Michel Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy method and his inclination to qualitative research approach, which emphasize the function of "language" and talking technology, history in phenomenon turn into and the perspective of "deconstruct ".Last but not least, basing the quasifoundationalism, this study slightly discusses the evaluation criterion of postmodern sociology research, and points out that sociology research must combine modern sociology research approach with postmodern sociology research approach, take the road to a new research approach. As follows: firstly, in sociology research, science with no science, reason with irrational must combine together, coexist and complement one another at the same time; Secondly, observing and studying social must fetch a many degrees and visual angles to replace the single visual angle; Thirdly, sociology research must realize that it can’t refuse the meaning to pursue in sociology research, but it should avoid chip in the meaning; Fourthly, we must pay attention to the particularity and Merging of method in research approach and technology, and supplement each other at materials collection and analysis at the same time.更多还原