【作者】 权大国；

【导师】 曹平；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 一人公司是指公司股份或出资全部归于单一股东的公司。一人公司有利于鼓励投资创业,发展经济和增加就业,其存在和发展有其必然性和重要意义。但由于一人公司股东单一,容易导致其惟一股东在有限责任制和公司独立人格的保护下冒险经营、滥用权力,从而大大增加了使债权人遭受损失的可能性。因此,为了保护公司债权人利益,降低交易风险,必须对一人公司进行有效规制,建立严密的一人公司债权人保护制度。一人公司的债权人保护问题,一直为世界各国立法、司法部门和学界所关注。本文以平衡公司、股东、公司债权人之间的利益关系为出发点,就一人公司的债权人保护制度进行分析,进而提出完善的建议,以期在特殊的公司形态下,更好地保障债权人的利益,维护交易安全。目前,世界上大多数承认一人公司并对其进行法律规制的国家,并没有为一人公司订立专属性法规,而是以现行既有的一般公司法规作为规范一人公司的依据,我国亦是如此。所以,对一人公司债权人利益的保护,应以一般公司债权人保护制度为基础,结合一人公司的特殊性而制定相关法规、政策,并不断发展完善。第一章对一人公司相关问题做了简要的概述。介绍一人公司的概念、分类、理论依据与法律特征,并论述分析一人公司对法人社团理论、传统公司组织制度、股东有限责任的理论突破。第二章比较分析其他国家和地区一人公司债权人保护的法律实践。尽管英国和美国没有在立法中明确一人公司债权人保护的相关规定,却能够对债权人提供比较充分的保护,值得我们学习;列支敦士登、德国、日本等大陆法系国家的法律规定相对较为完善,对我国的法律实践具有借鉴意义。第三章探讨公司债权人保护理论及一人公司债权人保护的特殊法律问题。对公司债权人提供保护有着深刻的社会背景和理论基础,一人公司债权人保护和普通公司债权人保护问题既有相似之处,也有众多不同,有必要进行理论区分。第四章研究一人公司债权人法律保护框架的构建。一人公司从设立、运营直至清算破产各个阶段、各个环节都应有相应的制度给债权人以充分的保护。其中一人公司的内部治理结构具有特殊性,如何平衡公司、股东、公司债权人之间的利益关系不仅关系到一人公司的竞争力,更关系到对债权人利益的保护。第五章研讨一人公司债权人法律保护的完善。我国新公司法设置了五项制度对一人公司危害债权人的风险进行防范是一个巨大的进步,但对一人公司债权人的保护手段仍有待于进一步完善,以使其既能为公司债权人提供充分的保护,又能实现一人公司的制度价值。结合市场经济发达国家一般公司债权人保护制度以及为一人公司专门制定的法规,提出完善我国一人公司债权人利益法律保护的方法,其中包括:增加唯一股东的出资担保责任和权力行使限制的义务;强化公司负责人对债权人利益保护的义务和责任;增强公司法人格否认制度的可操作性;确立债权人的信息披露请求权、业务检查请求权、申请公司解散权等权利体系;建立一人公司的信用法律调节机制。笔者希望这些建议能够对我国一人公司债权人利益法律保护的完善提供有益参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 One-man Company is a company that the stock completely belongs to the sole shareholder. It encourages one starting an undertaking, developes economy and increase the employment. It’s existence and development is inevitable and significant. However, because One-man Company is unitary, it is easy for the only shareholder doing something illegal、taking risk of managing、abusing his power under the limited liability,but protected by the independent personality of the company. So it may greatly increase the possibility for One-man Company’s creditor to suffer a loss.Therefore, in order to protect benefit of One-man Company’s creditor, and reduce the transaction risk, we need to regulate One-man Company and establish a strict national legislation protection system. Judicature and Researcher always pay attention to protection system. To make every effort to guarantee One-man Company for fair competition and balance benefit relationships among the company,shareholder and the company creditor. Trying the best to improve the protection system, we look forward to a better protection for the interests of creditors and security transactions with the special company type. At present, the majority countries of the world receive and regurate One-man Company. They do not make a special rule for One-man Company but use the present statute which can use in any company,so do our country. That is to say, to protect the interests of creditors, it must base on the creditors of general company protection systems and make the relevant regulations and policies with the view of the special nature of One-man Company, and develope continuously.In chapter 1, I first made a brief outline about One-man Company. It comprises the Conception, Classification, Theory, Legal characteristic. And also analysis One-man Company on corporate Societies theory.In chapter 2, I analysised other countries and regions about One-man Company creditor protection law practice. In Britain and the United States, despite the absence of clear legislation in One-man Company related to the protection of creditors, creditors will get more adequate protection. That is what we should use for reference. Liechtenstein, Germany, Japan and other civil law countries are more perfect in their law system, it is of great significance to China’s legal practice.In chapter 3, I discussed the theoretical protection for the creditors and the special legal issues of One-man Company creditor’s protection. To provide protection to the creditors has profound social background and theoretical basis. There are similarities and differences between One-man company cre itor protection and the general company protection. So, it is necessary to distinguish between theories. In chapter 4, I studied legal framework of creditor protection of one-man company. It should be fully protected from establishment, operation to bankruptcy. And all stages and aspects should be a corresponding system .One-man Company’s internal structure is special. How to balance the interests among the company, shareholders and creditors not only relates to One-man Company’s competition, but more relates to the protection of the interests to creditors.In chapter 5, I discussed how to improve the law protection for creditors of one-man company. It is a conspicous progress for the new Company Law setting up a system of five measures against the risk of creditors of One-man Company. However, the means of protection for creditors remain to be further improved to provide adequate protection, and also to achieve a company’s value system. Referencing the general company law and One-man Company law in developed countries, I raised my opinion on how to perfect one-man company in protecting the interests of creditors which include: to increase the sole shareholder’s investor security responsibility and exercising the power of the obligation; to strengthen the trustee for the protection of the interests of creditors, the obligations and responsibilities; to enhance the operation of the law personality system; to establish creditors the right to request disclosure of information, the right to apply for the dissolution of the company etc; and to establish One-man Company’s credit laws regulating mechanism. I hope these suggestions will be provide some reference on company law to protect the legal interests of One-man Company’s creditors.更多还原