【作者】 陈智慧；

【导师】 朱寿兴；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 美学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 从词源意义上讲,美学的本名应当称之为“感性学”。这是大家都熟知的,Aesthetics无论从词根、词源来看,还是从它所派生出来的各种西文变体名词来理解,其本意就是为感性立言。感性学应当包含“审美”与“审丑”的合题。但是,几千年来,美和善共享宗教的洗礼,世代都有人为美建功立传,而丑的处境却实在可悲,人们把它和恶混为一谈,甚至将它逐出神圣的天堂。结果是美有美学,丑则长期没有丑学,研究美的学问实际上成了“感性学”的全部内容。就连提出“感性学”的鲍姆嘉通也没能做到公允,给丑学一个合理的席位。因此说,这样的美学只能算作片面的感性学。就此,栾栋先生曾批评说:这样的感性学研究,从美学的角度去看审丑活动,把审丑严严实实地包裹在审美的衣襟之下,审丑只是一种象征性地摆设,丑在历史上的地位便无足轻重,它能做为审美的陪衬,已经得其所宜了,似乎有这么一点审丑点缀,美学就体大虑周,丑学也不必提起。这样一来,对丑学的讨论便堕入了审美文化的心理惰性之中。人多耽安逸而惮劳苦,既然审美的园地那么赏心悦目,何必在审丑的羊肠小道上披荆斩棘。在人类文化发展的历史上,在审丑方面迈出一步远比审美活动要艰难。鉴于此,审丑研究所具有的重要的理论意义和实践意义便一目了然了,本文便是这方面的一个尝试性研究。全文主要有五部分内容。首先,对“审丑”的理论、实践研究必要性作一个说明,这也是本文展开课题研究的价值、意义所在。第二部分主要是为正文展开论述作一个前提性的交待,对美与丑的关系、丑的涵义问题作一一梳理与界定。第三部分即梳理中国古代鬼怪小说的源流,对其萌芽、产生、发展、兴盛作一个大致的阶段性划分和特征描述,当然,本文对它的阶段性划分并不是唯一、绝对的,这里,着重强调的是就中国人审丑能力自觉性程度这一点而划分的。第四部分重点对中国古代鬼怪小说各时期的作品作审丑特征的分析,以期对其作品蕴含着的审丑意义揭示作一个铺垫。最后一部分即是对中国古代鬼怪小说的产生、发展的历史性意义、现实性意义作了深入的研究,以期澄明中国人自古以来的完满的审丑能力,更重要的是为现当代“嗜丑艺术”现象兴盛的合法性存在作一个奠基性说明和理论性支撑。总之,本文是沿着“丑”、“审丑”这一基点出发,以中国古代鬼怪故事为实证性材料,以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导,以社会学、民俗学为理论根基,围绕中国古代小说中的鬼怪故事和中国鬼文化这一研究主题,将理论阐释与个案分析相结合,从文艺美学的角度进行研究,以期不限于对有关艺术现象的一般描述,也不限于审丑理论的基本阐释,而是以“丑学”的眼光审视中国古代小说中的鬼怪世界,揭示出中国鬼怪小说的审丑特点与审丑意义,力图阐释中国古代鬼怪小说——中国传统文化的一支奇葩——之与传统美学、哲学、大众意识、个体意志、传统文化的深层纠葛关系和互渗、互促的建设性关系,揭示中国古代鬼怪小说这一特殊文化现象蕴含着的丰富感性内容、强烈的个体生命意志和深刻的人道主义关怀。在叙与论的结合中挖掘中国传统文化中的审丑涓流,重新审视中国古代鬼怪小说的文学价值及其蕴含着的巨大人类生存之思的启悟。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aesthetics given name must call it〝Perception " not researching on all beautiful things from the etymology significance. This is everybody all knows very well. Aesthetics regardless of from the stem, the etymology looked, or each kind of western languages anomalous form noun which derives from it understood, its original intention commits the ideas to paper for the perception. The study of aesthetics must contain〝research on beautiful thing and ugly thing". But, several millenniums come, sharing the beautiful genial by religion baptism, the generation all has the artificial beautiful accomplishment to set up the biography. But situation of ugliness really is actually pitiful. The people regard〝ugliness" and " evil" as the same. The result is which beautiful thing has the Aesthetics and the ugly thing does not have the Ugliness study for a long time. "Research on beautiful things" in fact is covered with "Aesthetics" completely. Even A.T.Baumgartem who regards the Aesthetics as an official discipline has not been able to achieve fairly just for ugly study a reasonable seat. Therefore, such esthetics only can make the one-sided study.In light of this, Luandong—a famous scholar in China criticized about this aspect that such Aesthetics researching which looked ugliness from esthetics angle, is only one kind of vase ornaments seeming comfortable very well for us. Appreciating ugliness in history status is unimportant and it also does not need to be mentioned. Then people are disinclined to discussing it because the Aesthetics already has existed. The people always do not like labor, but like easiness and comfortableness, Since Aesthetic is comfortable and appreciation of ugly isn’t essential. In the human culture development history, appreciating ugliness is more difficult than Aesthetic as we do it now. Therefore appreciating ugliness is important not only from the theory aspect or from the practice aspect, and my paper is indeed an attempt.This article is composed by five main parts. First, giving an explanation to appreciation of ugliness is necessary. This is the value and significance of my paper. The second part mainly launches the elaboration for the main text to make a premise transferring .it contains beauty and ugly relations and ugly definition. The third part is about the ancient Chinese ghost novel’s many kinds of ugly characteristic description from its appearing to its development、its mature. Certainly gradual division of novels is not only and absolute here, the key mainly lies in humanity’s aware ability degree to appreciation of ugly. The fourth part is a foundation as follows, which explains the ugly characteristic of Chinese ancient ghost novel in each period. In order to prove the integrity ugly ability of Chinese, the last part is the significant analysis, and more important, it gives the foundation explanation and theory for the present ugly art.In brief, the article’s foundation is appreciation of ugly. Taking Chinese ancient ghost novel as diagnosis material, taking dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the instruction, and taking the sociology and ethnology as the theory foundation is to study this kind of subject what Chinese ancient ghost novel and Chinese Soul culture and death philosophy with Wisdom. Unifying the theory explanation with the document analysis, conducting the researching from the literary esthetics angle is to examine Chinese ancient ghost novels in the ghost world carefully by the judgment of "Appreciation of ugly ", to explain Chinese ghost novel’s ugly value and significance. This is to explain the intimate and trans-constructive relations about Chinese ancient ghost novel、traditional esthetics, the philosophy, the popular realizing, the individual will and the traditional culture. As a special culture phenomenon, China ancient ghost novels contain rich sensitive content、intense individual life will and profound humanitarianism concern. The article is to excavate the ugly phenomenon in the China traditional culture and understand the literature value and initiation significance of Chinese ghost novel correctly for humanity survival.更多还原