【作者】 张卓莉；

【导师】 刘琼豪；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 经济与伦理相互依存,紧密联系,对于经济的健康持续发展和社会的不断进步,意义重大。然而,社会经济实践中出现的道德困境却一直困扰着人们。如何推进经济发展和道德进步呢?在诸多经济伦理理论和研究方法中,18世纪英国著名的思想家、道德哲学家和经济学家亚当·斯密对经济与伦理关系的见解独特而又深刻。亚当·斯密面对18世纪前工业资本主义的英国社会现实,探讨了社会经济、社会伦理以及法律制度等基本问题,运用“同情”、“经济人假设”、“看不见的手”等原理整合出一个井然有序、和谐有益的人类社会,初步形成了市场社会的经济理论和道德学说。因此,研究亚当·斯密的思想学说,发掘其中精华,对于现代市场经济及其道德伦理的理论探索和实践,富有直接的现实参考价值。“亚当·斯密问题”是指斯密的两部传世著作即伦理学方面的《道德情操论》和经济学方面的《国富论》之间存在着矛盾。历史上关于“亚当·斯密问题”的争论虽然早已根据史实和逻辑给出了公正和公认的结论,但是,随着现实的发展,它不断地向我们昭示着经济与伦理、经济学与伦理学动态的联系,在社会主义市场经济条件下仍然彰显出新的意义并指导着现实实践。基于上述认识,本文紧扣主题——经济与伦理的统一,选择“亚当·斯密问题”作为切入点,运用文献阅读和系统分析相结合的研究方法,探讨斯密对资本主义生产关系萌芽时期经济与伦理一致性的思索与把握,拟分为以下三大部分:本文的第一部分主要是对“亚当·斯密问题”进行界定。由于以“亚当·斯密问题”作为切入点,而它又涉及到斯密对于经济与伦理关系的理解,因此本文首先从总体上考察“亚当·斯密问题”的来龙去脉,解释“亚当·斯密问题”的涵义,剖析“亚当·斯密问题”之所以被提出来的原因,了解学术界对“亚当·斯密问题”的研究状况,并加以简单的评议。本文的第二部分着重探讨斯密本人对经济与伦理关系的基本看法。“亚当·斯密问题”引发了各式各样的传闻与争论,然而,理解斯密的最好办法是斯密本人的教诲。本文认为,“亚当·斯密问题”的真谛在于经济与伦理的统一。为什么在斯密那里经济与伦理是统一的?两者的统一又是如何体现出来的?本文试图从时代背景入手,考察了斯密生活的18世纪的英国社会状况即资本主义的经济与伦理是相辅相成、彼此支持、共同发展的关系,这就影响并决定了斯密基本上是把二者的统一视为主要的,而且赋予了斯密构建适应新生资本主义发展的理论的历史使命。既然如此,又怎样理解斯密要分立著述《道德情操论》和《国富论》呢?本文通过考察斯密时代的学术状况及其个人的知识背景,认为斯密的伦理学与经济学事实上均属于其道德哲学体系的组成部分;为此,本文接着梳理这两部著作的逻辑脉络和主要思想,进而论证斯密是在道德哲学的统一框架下运用“同情”和“看不见的手”两大原理实现了两书逻辑的完整与内在本质的联系。那么,经济与伦理的统一是如何体现在斯密的著作之中呢?本文主要是通过剖析斯密“经济人”的特性即趋利性与道德性的融合以及发掘“经济人”逐利行为的伦理意蕴来解决这一问题的。通过以上的分析,我们可以看出,在斯密的意识和著作里经济与伦理具有着深层的内在关联性。本文的最后一部分旨在研究斯密关于经济与伦理统一思想的理论意义和现实价值。斯密的这一思想不仅对于经济学与伦理学的发展具有重要的影响,而且对当前我国的经济实践和道德建设也具有有益的借鉴价值。本文的主要用意是实事求是地结合历史背景分析斯密本人的原著,广泛引鉴国内外学者的研究成果,试图探究斯密对经济与伦理关系的理论建设,以之为当今社会、经济的诸多问题的正确理解与合理解决,并为我国社会主义市场经济的发展、新时期伦理道德的建设提供一种可供参考的古典学说。更多还原

【Abstract】 Economy and ethic are interdependent and closely interrelated, which is importantly significant to the sound development of economy and the progress of society. However, people are always confusing by the moral problems which appear in social economic practice. How to promote economic development and moral progress then? In most economic ethics theories and studies, Adam Smith, British famous thinker, morality philosopher and economist in eighteenth century, has his own particular and profound view on the relationship of economy and ethic. Confronting the British social reality of industrial capitalism before 18th century, Adam Smith explored the fundamental questions such as social economy, social ethics and law system, and primarily created economic theory and moral doctrine in the market society by using the principles such as“sympathy”,“Economic Man Hypothesis”,“Invisible Hand”and so on to work out a regular and harmonious human society. Therefore, it is valuable to learn Adam Smith’s theories and excavate their essence for the theory exploration and practice of modern market economy and moral ethic.“Adam Smith Problem”refers to the existing contradictions between Smith’s two famous books:“The Theory of Moral Sentiments”(on ethics) and“The Wealth of Nations”(on economy). Although a fair and accepted conclusion of the controversies on Adam Smith Problem has been given according to historical events and logic, with the development of society, it still shows the dynamic relations between economy and ethics; economics and ethics, emerging its value and directing the reality practice under the circumstance of socialist market economy.On the basis, the thesis chooses the unit of economy and ethic as the theme and focuses on“Adam Smith Problem”to discuss Smith’s thinking and mastering of the consistency of economy and ethic in the period of the sprouting capitalist production relations by applying the method of reference and descriptive analysis.The thesis is consisted of three parts:Part one mainly defines“Adam Smith Problem”. Because it is the focus of the whole thesis and affects Smith’s interpretation on the relation of economy and ethic, this part explores the origin of“Adam Smith Problem”in general and explains its definition, then analyzes the reason why it is proposed, finally does some simply comments about the problem.Part two stresses on discussing Smith’s notion on the relation between economy and ethic.“Adam Smith Problem”raises all kinds of hearsay and controversies. However, the best way to interpret it is Smith’s instruction. In the thesis’s opinion, the essence of“Adam Smith Problem”lies on the unit of economy and ethic. Why the economy and ethic is unit in Smith’s notion, and how to reflect? The thesis tries to explore it from times; it examines the situation of English society in 18 century, that is, the relation between capitalist economy and ethic was interdependent, supporting each other and developing together, which determined Smith to view the two as unit and entrusted Smith historical mission to construct a theory that adapted to the development of new capitalism. Since it was the fact, how can we understand Smith wrote“The Theory of Moral Sentiments”and“The Wealth of Nations”respectively? After examining the academic situation and the knowledge that Smith had in the period, the thesis thinks that Smith’s ethics and economics actually are parts of his system of moral philosophy, thus the thesis continues to sort out the logical presentation and the main ideas about these two works, then proves Smith made the logical accomplishment and intrinsic relation in the two works became true by using the principles“sympathy”and“Invisible Hand”under the unit framework of moral philosophy. How the thought of“unit of economy and ethic”is embodied in the two works? The thesis solves the problem by mainly analyzing the characteristics of“Economic Man”and exploring moral entailment about the behavior that“Economic Man”quested for profit. From the analysis of above, we can see that there are deep intrinsic relations between economy and ethic in Smith’s notion and his works.Part three studies the theoretical significance and actual value of Smith’s thought on“unit of economy and ethic”. The theory of Smith is provided with not only important effect to the development of economy and ethic, but also profitable value to the economic practice and moral construction.The main objective of the thesis is to practically combine with historical background to analyze Smith’s books, the paper widely consults others’study results from abroad to home, trying to study the theoretical construction of Smith’s relationship of economy and ethic; which are useful for correct understanding and reasonable solution of many social and economic problems, in addition, it offers us available references of classic theories for the development of our socialist market economy and the construction of modern ethical morality.更多还原