【作者】 张毅；

【导师】 蓝常周；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国正处于多种矛盾凸显的转型时期,各类突发事件的发生也日趋高频化。从现状来看,广西各城市的应急管理能力已滞后于形势发展的需要。因此,在全面地分析广西城市突发事件应急管理的现状与存在的问题的基础上,探索提升广西城市应急管理能力的有效途径极具现实意义。突发事件指具有强烈冲击力与广泛影响力的突然发生的灾害性事件,从哲学角度而言,突发事件是事物内部矛盾由量变到质变的爆发式飞跃,兼具偶然性与必然性。突发事件通常划分为自然灾害、事故灾害、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等五类。一般认为突发事件具有爆发时间上的突发性、诱因与发展趋势的不确定性、后果的危害性、客观效果的机遇性等多重特征。应急管理可以理解为通过一系列有效管理行为来预防和处理突发事件,以解除危机状态的过程。相对企业危机管理,政府应急管理在管理的目标、管理的手段、管理的外部环境等方面都具有特殊性;相对常态管理,应急管理又在管理的难度、决策的风险等方面有所不同。应急管理的过程根据时间序列可以分为预警与防范、综合处理、恢复与评估三个阶段。有效的应急管理必须遵循:高度警觉,快速反应;以人为本,依法管理;公开透明,真实及时;沟通协调,权责分明;科学专业,适度有序五个基本原则。现阶段广西城市存在的突发事件的主要类型有自然灾害、城市公共卫生突发事件、生产安全事故、城市基础设施事故、环境污染事件、城市火灾等九种。客观地说,近来以来,在各方努力下,广西城市突发事件应急管理建设取得了一系列成果:公务人员的危机意识与应急管理理念有了很大程度的提升;应急管理体系建设则在城市应急联动系统、公共卫生“三网”、应急预案与相关制度三方面成绩突出。但另一方面,广西各城市在管理体制、运行机制、人员素质与应急管理相关配套制度等层面都存在一系列有待解决的问题,离建立完善、科学的应急管理体系还差距甚远。应急管理能力建设是一个全方位、多角度、长期的建设过程。可以从以下几个方面入手:首先,构建健全的应急管理组织体系。建立由应急指挥中心和专业职能部门两个层面与市-区-社区三个层级的应急管理专门机构。其次,完善应急管理的运行机制。建立高效的预警机制、通畅的信息传播机制、科学的应急决策机制与完善的应急管理监督与评估机制。第三,加强应急管理人才队伍建设。建设一支高素质的应急管理领导人才队伍与应急管理专门人才队伍。第四,优化应急管理的保障体系。通过推进应急法制建设;普及应急教育;健全资金、应急物资保障体系等方式为全面推进应急管理建设,构建一个有力的保障体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Presently, our country entered the transition period which the various contradiction happen and emergency frequency occurred. Judging from current situation, the development of emergency managed capacity of Guangxi cities already not enough for the need of circumstances. Therefore, take the comprehensive analysis the present problem of emergency management of cities of Guangxi as the premise. It has the practical significance very much to explores the effective way to promotes the Guangxi city emergency management abilityEmergency means unexpected and dangerous situation or problem that must be deal with immediately. From the philosophical point of view, emergency result from the leap process of ever-changing contraction, that is, from quantitative change to quantitative change. It possesses chance and inevitability. Generally speaking, emergency is divided into five categories, namely natural disaster, accident disaster, sanitarian event and security event. Emergency usually has the following features: it’s unexpected, it’s hard to find out the reason and predict its expansibility. The result is commonly serious.Emergency management can be defined as a series of act of predicting and dealing with emergency in order to relieve the dangerous situation. Compared with crisis management, emergency management has special characters in the managing goal, method and exterior environment. However, emergency management is different from normal management in the managing difficulty and the venture in decision-making. In terms of time, the process of emergency management consists of three stages: forecast and precaution, integrated disposal, renewal and evaluation. The effective emergency management should follow these principles: to be highly and to react quickly; to manage based on the law; to be overt and true; to negotiate harmonize; to make authority and responsibility explicit; to be scientific and professional; to be reasonable and ordered.At present, there are 9 main types of emergencies existing in the Cities in Guangxi Province. Theyare natural disaster, urban public hygiene emergency, safety accident of production city infrastructure accident, environment pollution accident and urban conflagration etc, objectively speaking, on the one hand, due to the help from all subordinates in Guangxi province, the outburst accident emergency management construction has gotten a series of achievements, for example, To a large extent, the civil servants have improved their awareness of crisis and emergency management; emergency management system construction has made great progress in city emergency joint action system, the“three-network”channel in public hygiene, emergency preparatory case and related institution. But on the other hand, in every city in Guangxi, a series problems expected to be solved still exist in management system, operation system, civil servants’qualities and related formation of complete system in emergency management. So the government need to travel a long distance to set up a perfect, scientific emergency management system.The emergency management competence construction is an all-round, multi-angle and long-term progress. But the government can deal with this problem from the following aspects. Firstly, to design a complete emergency management organization system. That means to set up a special organization combining emergency command centre and professional function department with“city-district-community”a three-level emergency management. Secondly, to perfect the operation system of emergency management. The government should found high efficient pre-warning systems, smooth information-broadcasting institutions, scientific emergency decision system, and perfect supervision and evaluation system of emergency management. Thirdly, to strengthen the construction of emergency management personal team. This includes setting up a team of qualified leaders of emergency management, and a team of professional and technical personal in emergency management. Fourthly, to optimize safeguard system of emergency management. That means to found a powerful safeguard system by advancing emergency legal system construction, popularizing emergency education, and improving capital and emergency material guarantee system.更多还原