【作者】 王晶晶；

【导师】 解成喜；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 物理化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆地产0#柴油蜡含量较高,本课题主要围绕合成和筛选能有效改善高蜡柴油低温流动性能的柴油流动改进剂(Diesel Flow Improver,简称DFI)的研究,本文主要完成了以下几方面的工作:(1)利用尿素络合法分离出新疆地产0#柴油中的正构烷烃,核磁共振技术测定了柴油平均碳原子数目;气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS),分析了柴油石蜡烃中正构烷烃的碳数分布及含量,为合成低温流动改进剂提供了参考数据;(2)合成了不同碳数的不饱和酸聚合单体-马来酸酐双链酯、富马酸双链酯、丙烯酸单酯(由实验小组合成),探讨了最佳工艺条件,产物通过红外确定;在此基础上,以各类不饱和酸酯为聚合母体分别与苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐、十六胺、十八胺为原料,合成了不同种类的DFI,产物通过红外光谱进行确认。(3)以合成的DFI为原料,以新疆地产0#柴油为被测对象,结果表明可使吐哈0#柴油CFPP降低2-8℃;独山子0#柴油降低6-8℃;克拉玛依0#降低2-5℃,乌石化0#降低3-7℃达到了很好的降滤效果。DFI对柴油的感受性不仅与烷基侧链、极性基团、柴油的馏分组成等有关.为了提高其油溶性能和分散性,选取T1804以不同的比例与几种聚合物进行复配,测试结果表明复配后冷滤点降显著提高,达到了国内先进水平。(4)利用气相色谱-质谱、X射线衍射、低温显微技术对的降凝机理做了探讨研究,发现柴油的结蜡过程存在着量变和渐变,验证了石蜡烃的三维网状结构,同时显示,柴油加剂后,DFI能有效阻止蜡晶的能长,起到了改善柴油在低温下的流动性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The text relates to the development and synthesis of new kind diesel fuel low-temperature flow improver(DFI)for the characteristics of the Xinjiang local high wax content of diesels, which is composed of the following parts:(1) The contents of n-paraffin and carbon number distribution in n-paraffin wax of diesel of the diesels of Xinjiang were determined by urea adduction、nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum、GC-MS,The results of method would be regarded as an important reference for future research of pour point depression of diesel.(2) Several kinds of polymerization monomer such as dibehenyl styrenemaleic、fumarate-vinyl ester、alkyl acrylate are synthesized. The optimal experiment conditions are studied, the structures are identified by IR spectroscopy.On the base of above experiment, diffierent series of polymers are produced by using styrene、vinyl、maleic anhydride、hexadecyl amine and octadecyl amines raw materials. The polymer structure is tested by IR spectroscopy.(3) The help function of DFI are further evaluated. The improver is applied to four diesel fuel produced by crude oil of Xinjiang as raw material. CFPP of the Tuha0#diesel fuel is lowered by 2-8℃, Dushanzi0# diesel fuel is lowered by 6-8℃, Kelamayi0# diesel fuel is lowered by 6-14℃, Wushihua0# diesel fuel is lowered by 3-7℃.According to the results of the cold filter plugging point test, it is conclude that the impressibility of DFI to fuel is not only connected with the alkyl side chain and the polarity group of medicine oneself, but also the component, technology and directions for producing of fuel and so on. For increasing the oil dissolving property and dispersion of DFI, Compared with the present using DFI in our country and the results of reports, the developing comes to an advanced level, and is placed in the lead level in our country .(4) the mechanism of the synthesized low temperature flow improver was explored using hight emperature gas chromatograph、the X-ray diffraction and Environmental Scanning Microscope method.Results showed that wax crystal was mostly composed of n-paraffin with carbon number was changed;The wax crystals became smaller of diesel fuel with DFI;The microscopic images revealed that the shapes of wax congeries change from the needle to the granular Played a reduction in diesel cold filter plugging point role.更多还原