【作者】 王松月；

【导师】 杨福兴；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的8位／16位微控制器由于速度慢、功耗大并且实现Internet协议十分困难，已经越来越不能满足高速发展的工业系统对大量信息管理的需要。而工业PC机同样存在体积庞大，环境适应能力差，系统可靠性低等缺点。随着ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)工业级芯片的不断成熟和嵌入式Linux系统的不断完善，本文提出开发一种新的基于ARM和Linux的嵌入式系统取代单片机和工控机用于工业控制系统通信管理，将基于TCP／IP的工业以太网和现场总线技术有效的结合起来，体现了网络化和开放性这一当前工业控制领域的发展方向。采用具有灵活硬件可重构性的核心板-底版设计方案，完成了核心板和底板主要功能模块的硬件电路设计，解决了印刷电路板制作的抗干扰和布局布线问题，完成了系统硬件的焊接制作，并最终调试通过了电路板。通过分析嵌入式Linux的系统架构，创新性的提出Ftp—Telenet远程开发模式，提高了软件开发效率。分析了系统Bootloader和内核功能模的代码，并解决了移植过程中遇到的问题，最终完成了嵌入式Linux系统在开发板上的移植。创新性地用动态模块加载法和静态编译进内核法分别开发了系统外扩字符设备CAN(Controller Area Network)总线和RS422／RS485总线的驱动程序，对比了这两种方法各自的特点。根据工业级的特殊性对以太网的要求，开发了外扩网络设备的驱动程序。目前这些驱动程序模块均通过测试可以稳定高效的工作。最后对整个系统进行了集成测试。对于抑制串扰问题做了仿真实验，实验结果表明增加的匹配电阻大小合适，提高了系统抗干扰性。做实验分别测试了系统的CAN总线、串口和以太网通信模块，证实各个模块工作正常，可以保证系统通信控制的有效性和可靠性。本课题研制的基于ARM920T嵌入式控制系统已经被转化为系列产品，广泛并稳定的应用于南京、武汉、宜昌和长沙等电力行业。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional 8/16 bit MCU (Micro-Control Unit) can not meet the requirements of mass information management because of its slow speed, heavy consumption and difficult to implement internet protocol. The industry computer is too big, and have low credibility. As ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) chip and Linux operating system become continuously mature and perfect, an embedded communication control system is newly proposed, which combine the industry network based on TCP/IP and field bus well, display the networking and opening direction of the industry field.Firstly based on the research hot point and application in industry communication control field, design the system architecture. Adopt the core board -bottom board hardware design, which will be flexible to extend the system. Then modularize the circuit diagram of the core board and the bottom board, resolving the anti-interference and layout problem of the PCB, completing the hardware debugging.According to the Linux system architecture analysis, newly bring forward the Ftp-Telnet long-distance development module to improve efficiency. Mainly analyze the coding of the system boot loader and function module, completing the Linux kernel transplant to the board and resolving many problems during this process.The device driver is the main part of the system, which link the software and hardware platform. Due to device driver, the system could utilize the related hardware resource. So the system efficiency is determined by the device driver efficiency. Then analyze the Linux kernel device driver program module and the key problems, separately introduced the way to develop drivers for peripherals with CAN ( Controller Area Network) bus and RS-422/Rs-485 bus, newly using the dynamic module loading method and the static compiling to kernel method , discussing the difference of the two methods. Based on the industry special requirement for the network, describe the development process of the network driver. All of these drivers can work stability.At last, we make an integration test for the whole system. For restraining disturb problem, Make an imitation test to consider the maching resistance. We make a test for the system communication module, such as CAN, UART and Network. They are confirmed to work well and could assure the system to communicate and control well. Along with the development of the MCU and network technology, it will be more and more common to implement the combination of ARM and Linux embedded technology to the Industry system. This communication control system based on ARM 920T has been transformed to series product and used broadly in Nanjing, Wuhan, Yichang and Changsha’s power system.更多还原