中国药品价格形成机制研究

【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 张嫚；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国传统计划经济体制的影响下，医药行业形成了“多、小、散、低、乱”的局面，在此竞争性较强的市场结构下，药品价格本应较低，但目前情况看药品价格却普遍居高不下，形成了药品价高之“谜”。为改变这种现状，维护消费者利益，我国政府相继出台了多项政策，以实现降低药品价格的目的。虽然政策的实施在一定程度上缓解了市场上药价的飙升，但是，强制性的政府调价措施并未从根本上解决药价虚高的现实，中国现行药品价格仍然居高不下。基于以上焦点问题的出现，本文主要从药价高的“谜团”出发，利用产业经济学相关理论，从需求和供给两个方面分析了药品价格形成机制，并且详细阐述了我国医药行业现实的市场结构以及政府对药品价格的管制，以期为治理我国药价虚高问题提供一定的理论与实践依据。论文分析思路与结构框架安排如下：第一章是引言部分。首先介绍了选题背景，提出了在中国医药市场上普遍存在着药品价高的现象，由此引出“谜”之焦点；其次对该问题目前的国内外研究现状进行了综述，作为下文的分析基础。第二章阐述了药品需求的特殊性。本章主要是从药品的需求弹性缺乏、消费者的偏好各异、消费者的信息处于劣势以及需求的结构特征等几个方面指出药品需求的特殊性，总结了中国药品价高“谜”之“需求源”。在此基础上提出医药市场同样存在市场失灵，从而为下文政府管制奠定基础。第三章分析了药品价格形成的供给因素。从我国医药行业现行的市场结构、制药企业成本的上升、医院“以药养医”体制的长期存在以及医药代表在药价形成中的作用等四个方面归纳了中国药品价高“谜”之“供给源”。第四章介绍了政府对药品价格的管制。首先借助政府管制的相关理论叙述了中国药品价格管制体制和政策的演变，然后从药品加价政策、药品定价方法、药品招标制度、价格听证会等方面对药价管制的现存问题进行了阐述。第五章是结论与政策涵义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the affection of traditional planned economy system, medical and pharmaceutical industry is growing up a complexion of "many, small, scatter, low, chaos". According to economic theory, under strongly competitive market structure, price should be low, but in the matter of fact, it is so high all times, forming the puzzle of pharmaceutical high price. In order to change this actuality and maintain consumers’ benefits, China’ government comes on a great deal of policies successively to realize the aim to lower pharmaceutical price. Although the implement of these policies have relaxed the soars of pharmaceutical price, but compelling government policies can’t resolve the fact of pharmaceutical high price radically. China’s existing pharmaceutical price still stains a very high level.It is based on the appearance of hereinbefore problem, starting from the puzzle of pharmaceutical high price, this paper mainly analyzes the price-form mechanism of pharmaceutical from supply and demand, at one time, whereas the China’s government pharmaceutical price regulation means, in order to offer a certain theory and practice to administer China’s pharmaceutical high price.Detailed content and arrangement are as follows:Chapter one is introduction. At first, it introduces the backward of this subject and advance the ubiquitous phenomenon of pharmaceutical high price in China’s medical and pharmaceutical industry, the puzzle arises thereby. Secondly, there gives a literature review on domestic and foreign existing theories about this problem so as to be the base of the following paper.Chapter two advances the particularity of pharmaceutical demand. This chapter mainly points the particularity from the lack-elasticity of pharmaceutical demand, the difference of consumer’s preferences, the consumers’ disadvantage position in information, and the demand structure. And then the "demand-reason" of the puzzle of pharmaceutical high price is summarized. Based on it, this chapter brings forward that there is also existing market-malfunction in medical and pharmaceutical industry, laying a foundation to the government regulation.Chapter three analyzes the supply factor of pharmaceutical price-form. The "supply-reason" of the puzzle of pharmaceutical high price is concluded from the pharmaceutical industry’ structure, the increase of pharmacy-industry’s cost, the long exist of medical care system under which we subsidy medical service by pharmaceutical sale, and the pharmaceutical delegate’s lobbying.Chapter four introduces the government regulation of pharmaceutical price. This chapter, firstly, in virtue of theories on government regulation, narrates the regulation system and policy evolvement of pharmaceutical price. In succession, it expounds the existing problem about China’s government regulation of pharmaceutical price from the following aspects: the pricing policies of pharmaceutical, the pricing methods of pharmaceutical, the public bidding system of pharmaceutical, and the price hearing system, and so on. Based on it, the need of government regulation of pharmaceutical price is put forward.Chapter five is the conclusion and the policies.更多还原