【作者】 李永杰；

【导师】 陆贵巧； 谷建才；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 城市绿化是城市建设的重要环节，城市常见绿化树种的生态效益直接影响城市环境的质量。国内外对城市绿地系统的生态效益都有一定的研究，其中国外对这方面的研究起步较早，定量化程度比较高，研究的比较系统。而国内对城市绿地系统生态效益的研究起步比较晚，主要侧重于定性的研究，研究的范围也具有一定的片面性，没有形成系统性。本文以北京市主要绿化树种为研究对象，在确保环境条件一致的基础上，以科学定量的测试与分析为研究手段；以城市绿化对人居环境的影响为主要理论内涵；以改善城市绿化的有效措施与对策为目标，对北京市常见绿化树种的生态效应（固碳量、释氧量、蒸腾释水量、蒸腾吸热量、滞尘能力、吸收SO₂）进行了研究。本文对北京市常见绿化树种的生态功能进行了量化比较研究，研究结果可为城市建设提供科学依据。本研究时间段为2006年5～9月份，试验地点位于北京市区的主要街道。研究结果显示：在10种常见绿化树种的整个生长季中，单位叶面积的平均固碳释氧能力由高到低的排列顺序为：碧桃、榆叶梅、白蜡、连翘、紫藤、杜仲、大叶黄杨、元宝枫、白玉兰、国槐；各树种的平均蒸腾吸热、释水量由高到低的排列顺序为：碧桃、榆叶梅、白蜡、连翘、杜仲、紫藤、大叶黄杨、元宝枫、国槐、白玉兰。供试的20常见绿化树种中，按滞尘能力大小归类，花灌木中较强的有丁香、紫薇、锦带花、天目琼花；一般的有榆叶梅、棣棠、月季、金银木、紫荆；较弱的为小叶黄杨、紫叶小檗；乔木中较强的有桧柏、毛白杨、元宝枫、银杏、国槐，一般的有臭椿、栾树，较弱的为白蜡、油松、垂柳。并从叶片结构上对树种的滞尘能力进行了微观上的探讨。为了消除环境污染，达到人民生活所需的环境质量标准，根据树木对SO₂的净化能力，对北京市的树木绿化定额进行了研究。结果表明：以阔叶乔木对大气SO₂的净化能力最强，在年排放SO₂总量约17.55万t的污染条件下，全部依靠阔叶树来净化，北京市需阔叶乔木为9435.50万株。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban greening is an important part of the urban construction. The trees’ ecologybenefits of the urban beautification directly affect the urban environment quality. Thedomestic and foreign cities all have the certain researches on the green space system, butthe foreign countries have done earlier than China to this aspect. Their quantitative degreeis higher and systematic. The domestic researches started late to the urban green spacesystem’s ecology benefits, mainly emphasizing particularly on the qualitative researches.The research scope is also limited in some certain sides and has not formed thesystem.This article took the main beautified trees of Beijing as the study object,guaranteeing the environmental consistent condition, made use of the scientificquantitative test and analysis as the research methods, the influence of the urbanbeautification on the human living environment as the main theory meaning, the effectiveactions and the countermeasures to improve the urban beautification as the goal, to studythe ecology effects of the common beautification trees in Beijing （Carbon fixation、oxygenreleasing、transpired water release、absorbed caloric、dust absorption、absorbing SO₂）. Thefindings of the article could provide the scientific basis for the urban construction. Thisstudy had been conducted from the May to September of 2006,and the study area locates inthe major streets, which are lying in Beijing city.The findings showed that in the entire growth season and in 10 kinds of the commontrees, the average Carbon fixation and oxygen releasing ability’s order of the unit leaf areafrom high to low is:Prunus persica,Prunus triloba Lindl,Fraxinus chinensisRoxb, Forsythia suspense Vahl, Wisteria sinensis （Sims）Sweet,Eucommia ulmoidesOliv,Euonymus japonicus Thunb,Acer truncatum Bunge,Magnolia liliflora Desr, Robiniapseudoacacia; Various trees’ average transpiration’s heat absorption and the releasing watervolume order from high to low is: Prunus persica,Prunus triloba Lindl,Fraxinus chinensisRoxb,Forsythia suspense（Thunb.）Vahl,Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, Wisteria sinensis（Sims）Sweet, Euonymus japonicus Thunb.,Acer truncatum Bunge,Robinia pseudoacacia,Magnolia liliflora Desr.Among 20 testing beautified trees, according to the blocking dusts ability to classify,Syzygium aromaticum （L.）Merr.Et Perry, Lagerstroemia indica, Weigela florida （Bunge）A.DC, Viburnum sargentii in the colored shrub are stronger, Prunus trilobaLindl,Kerria japoniea,Rosa chinensis,Lonicera maackii,Cercis chinensis Bunee are generaland Buxus microphylla,Berberisthun bergiicv.atropurpurea are weak;In the arbors,S.chinensis （L.）Ant.,Populus tomentosa Carr, Aeer truncatum Bunge, Ginkgo Liloba L,Robinia pseudoacacia are stronger, Ailanthus altissima Swingle,Koelreuteria paniculataLaxm are general and Fraxinus chinensis Roxb,Pinus tabulaeformis Carr, Salix babylonicaLinn are weak. The paper also discussed the blocking dusts ability from the leaf structure.In order to eliminate the environmental pollution and achieve the environmental qualitystandard of people, this paper had studied the trees beautification ration of Beijingaccording to the trees ability of purifying SO₂. The results indicated that, Is by thebroad-leaf arbor had the strongest SO₂ purification ability. Under the pollution condition ofdischarging SO₂ approximately 175,500 t per year, depending upon the broad-leaf trees topurify completely, Beijing need increase the broad-leaf trees about 94.355 million trees.更多还原