【作者】 李静；

【导师】 李明；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 白灵菇以其味道鲜美，风味独特和较高的食药用价值而著称，是一种市场前景广阔的珍稀食用菌。但是，育种工作较少，所以要通过诱变育种获得优质，高产，适应性强的白灵菇菌株是当今研究的工作重点。本试验在前人进行白灵菇孢子诱变杂交的基础上，以5个白灵菇亲本菌株及由亲本杂交获得的129个白灵菇杂交子代新菌株为试验材料，进行一系列的筛选试验，旨在获得白灵菇优良新菌株。本试验通过对杂交子代菌株进行镜检和拮抗试验获得58个杂交新菌株。通过采用垂直板聚丙烯酞胺凝胶不连续电泳方法，对杂交亲本和上述58个杂交新组合一同进行酯酶同工酶分析，在杂交子代中选出了具有“杂种新酶带”和“互补型酶带”29个强优势杂交新菌株。通过对母种菌丝颜色、密度、生长势、耐高温等方面的比较试验，WY白4×26、YY11×32、YY11×29、WY白10×4、WY白7×29、WY白6×12等菌株出长势强、密度大、生长快，WY白7×2、YY12×31、WY白4×26、YY1×33较耐高温，菌株WY白4×26、YY11×32、WY白6×31、YY3×22、WY白6×12、YY11×29、WY白10×4、W白10×29、WY白4×32和WY白7×29菌丝生长较耐低温。对各菌株羧甲基纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、淀粉酶、漆酶、多酚氧化酶、愈创木酚氧化酶活力的测定，活力各不相同，并与母种菌丝长速相关性分析，羧甲基纤维素酶活与长速呈正相关，相关达极显著，其余呈一定相关性，但相关性不显著。比较筛选后杂交子代菌株的菌丝生长情况、菌株生长周期差异和生物学效率的情况来看，菌株在以棉籽皮为主要基质的培养基上多数仍具有生长速度快的优势，方差分析表明菌株之间长速差异达极显著水平，说明栽培种与母种的生长速度是相关因素。在同样的栽培管理条件下，不同菌株的发菌期，原基期，菇峰期差异显著，WY白4×26、WY白7×2、WY白6×12、YY11×29、WY白10×4、WY白10×29和WY白7×29为早熟品种。杂交子代中有一部分菌株菌株WY白10×29、WY白7×29、YY7×26、YY11×29和YY11×31的子实体产量显著高于亲本，其生物学效率高出亲本，在产量性状上表现出杂种优势。不同的白灵菇菌株菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、菌柄直径、菌柄长度及单菇鲜重差异很大，从总体情况来看，其中菌株YY10×32、YY7×26、YY2×3、YY11×29、YY13×26、YY2×8、WY白7×29和WY白10×29的经济性状相对较好，表现为菌盖较大、菌柄较短、子实体单重较高。白灵菇杂交亲本的营养成分含量较高，有很高的营养价值，从对食品高蛋白含量要求的角度来分析，白灵菇杂交子代中YY10×32、YY7×26、WY白7×12的营养价值较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi which is famous for its tasty flavor, unique flavor and thehigherfood for medicinal value, is one kind of marketprospect broad rare and preciousedible fungus. Study on the Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi breeding is very few, it is important toattain Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi strains with properties of good quality, high-yield andvigorous adaptability through mutation. In this experiment, with the foundation of results,5 Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi parent strains and 129 crossing progenies new strains were usedas testing material on the basis of studing on mutation and hybrid. A series of selectingexperiment were explemented in order to attain Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi strains withproperties of good quality.Fifty-eight new cross combinations were obtained by Microscope checking andantagonist response.When mutually complementary enzyme bands and new enzyme bands of thecombinations appeared twenty-nine crossbreeding filial generation by comparison new ofenzyme bands between parent strains and cross combinations, the heterosis of thecrossbreeding filial generation was stronger.Through mycelial colour, mycelial growth, mycelial density and high temperaturetolerance compared experiment, WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 4×26、YY11×32、YY11×29、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 10×4、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×29、WY Pleurotusferulae Lenzi 6×12etc have strong growing trend, big density and they grow quickly. WYPleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×2、YY12×31、W Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 4×26、YY1×33 havethe ability of high temperature tolerance. Strains WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 4×26、YY11×32、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 6×31、YY3×22、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 6×12、YY11×29、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 10×4、W Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 10×29、WYPleurotus ferulae Lenzi 4×32 and WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×29 have the ability of lowtemperature tolerance. Activity of Carboxymethylcellulose, Lactase, Amylase, Laccase,Catechol oxiase and Polyphenol oxidasea of strains were different. The results showed thatthere is significant Positive correlation between average growth rate of culture and activityof Carboxymethylcellulose, other enzyme activity show some negative but correlation is not significant.Compared about he mycelium growth, grow Periodicity and the biological efficiency,The strain in most still had the growth speed quick superiority takethe cotton seed hullsubstrates on the main matrix culture medium. The variance analysis indicated significantcorrelation between growth rate of mother cultures and growth rate of culture spawn. In thesame Cultivation management condition, strains have different cmpleted bagperiod, primordium stage and high flush stage. W Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 4×26、WPleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×2、W Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 6×12、YY11×29、W Pleurotusferulae Lenzi 10×4、Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 10×29和W Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×29 areearly-mature strains. Some of cross combinations such as WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi10×29、WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×29、YY7×26、YY11×29 and YY11×31, showstronger heterosis in fruitbody yields, and their biological efficiency are higher than parentstrains, they show heterosis in the yield characteristics.Different Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi strains are different in pileus diameter, pileusthickness, stipe diameter, stipe length and weight of fruit. Generally speaking, YY10×32、YY7×26、YY2×3、YY11×29、YY13×26、YY2×8、WYPleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×29and WY Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi10×29 are much better than others, which show biggerPileus, shorter Stipe, higher yield of fruit. Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi parent have muchNutrition than cross combinations. From analyzes to food high protein content requestangle, the nutritional value of YY10×32, YY7×26、Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi 7×12 are higher.更多还原