【作者】 杨俊蕊；

【导师】 温晓莉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将目光集中于乡土社会的纠纷解决方式,选取了乡土社会本身所固有的纠纷解决方式的代表——调解,与法治社会中正式法律制度的产物——审判作为研究对象,以布迪厄的“场域——惯习”理论为视角,对乡土社会的调解和司法审判做出了动态考察。在中国的乡土社会,司法的正式纠纷解决方式似乎远没有调解这种土生土长的解决方式受欢迎,人们普遍有一种重调解轻司法的心理,本文通过从场域的惯习性、场域的内部规则性和场域与惯习的本体对应性、场域下的行动策略、惯习的历史性和亚场域等角度对乡土社会的具体分析,解释了这种现象的成因。本文还注意到不管是调解也好,司法审判也好,在乡土社会这个特定的环境中都发生了很大的变化,已远非我们通常理解中的运作模式。本文同样以布迪厄的“场域——惯习”理论为依托,通过惯习的动态性和开放性说明了调解发生改变的原因,通过分析乡土社会“权力场域”中的权力运动说明了调解发生改变可能经历的过程;通过法官在乡土社会多个场域中的多重角色,解释了司法在乡土社会中的嬗变。通过以上分析可知,乡土社会纠纷的解决是包括司法和调解在内的多元权威和多种方式共同参与相互制约才能实现的,不管是司法还是调解还是其他的纠纷解决方式,其何时何地被运用都取决于乡民们的自由选择和场域中各种关系的博弈,只谈国家司法或只谈民间调解或许都是不全面的。乡土社会纠纷解决方式的变革其实也应该是一个漫长的过程,必须经由几代甚至是几十代乡民不断理性选择才能实现,在现阶段过度强调国家司法的作用或强制推行国家司法在乡土社会的普及是不太现实和理智的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis focuses on the means of disputes settlement in folk society and dynamically inspects the mediation and the trial in the folk society from the point of the view of the“field-habitus”theory, choosing mediation, which is intrinsic to folk society and the representative means of disputes settlement in traditional society, and trial, which is the product of formal institution in the law system society as the objects of study.As for China’s folk society, mediation is quite far more welcomed than trial, in that people universally view mediation as more important than trial. The article explains the causes of this phenomenon in folk society by concretely analyzing the habituation of field, the inner regularity of field, the ontological correspondence of field and habitus, tactics under the field, historicity of habitus and subfield and so on.The thesis also notices that great changes have been taking place in the given folk society for both mediation and judiciary judgment, and the operator schema is not the normal one as we always think. Based on the“field-habitus”theory, the thesis explains the reasons why the mediation changes from the angle of the dynamics and openness of the habit and the possible process in which mediation have changed by analyzing power movement in the“power field”in folk society, and the transmutation of the trial in folk society by the research of the multiplexed roles that judges play in the folk society.Based on the analysis above, disputes resolution in folk society is achieved with the attendance of polynary authorities and the category of ways including trial and mediation. The application of all means of disputes settlement is due to the free choice of the rural and the game among all the powers in the field. Stressing the trial or mediation in folk society only is biased. The reform of disputes resolution in folk society should last for a long time, and should be well completed through rational choice of several generations or dozens of generations of the rural. It is not practical and rational to excessively emphasize the function of national justice or to compulsively carry out the popularization of trial in folk society.更多还原