【作者】 易霞；

【导师】 滕召胜；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,我国供电部门普遍存在“收费难”的问题,大量的电费不能及时回收,影响和制约着电力企业的发展。预付费电能表采用“客户先购电,后用电”的电力营销模式,凸现了电量的商品属性。本文的研究目的就是实现电能的准确计量,搭建用户与售电管理部门之间的安全通信桥梁,实现基于射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)的预付费功能,为电能的科学管理提供可靠依据。本文介绍了基于RFID+STS的预付费单相电能表的基本工作原理,提出了将射频识别技术与IEC62055-41标准传输协议(Standard Transfer Specification,STS)相结合(RFID+STS)的预付费单相电能表设计方案,这种设计充分发挥了射频卡无需电源供给、非接触和STS协议通用性好、安全性好的优点,为居民用户电能表管理从手工抄表、IC卡管理向自动化管理过渡的过程增强了安全保障度,是解决目前预付费电能表售电系统标准不统一的弊端的理想解决方案。全文共分为七部分:第一章为绪论,简要介绍电能计量仪表的发展历程,分析目前常见的几类预付费电能管理系统的优劣,简述RFID系统的组成和工作原理;第二章介绍基于RFID+STS的预付费单相电能表的基本功能,简要说明系统的构成、工作流程和软件开发环境与运行平台;第三章讲述以ADE7755为计量采样芯片的单相电能表计量单元设计,介绍ADE7755的芯片结构和工作原理,以及电能表的信息处理核心MSP430F147的主要特点,给出计量单元与信息处理单元电路设计方案;第四章详细介绍射频接口电路设计,给出硬件原理图与工作流程图;第五章介绍基于RFID+STS的预付费单相电能表系统的通信网络结构,详细论述光电通信接口电路的硬件设计方案和软件设计流程,重点介绍IEC62056-21和STS通信规约,详细说明RFID通信中采用的3DES加密算法的工作原理,用实例解析系统中的三类STS数据,完整呈现STS协议的数据结构;第六章分析仪器的误差来源,介绍剔除误差的主要方法,从抗干扰设计、低功耗设计和信息安全性设计三个方面论述基于RFID+STS的预付费单相电能表的可靠性设计技术;结束语部分总结本文的创新,指出后续工作方向。实际运行表明,作者设计的基于RFID+STS的预付费单相电能表读写稳定、抗干扰能力强、数据传递可靠、管理实时便捷,计量与管理功能满足国际国内有关标准的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of electricity fee retrieving is an obstacle holding back the development of Chinese electricity provider. The prepayment meter adopts a kind of marking mode,“Buy first, Use later”, which indicates electrical energy is commodity. The research purpose is to realize the accurate measuring of energy, build the communication ties between customers and the electricity management, implement the prepayment function based on RFID and provide reliable evidence for scientific management on energy.The principle of the meter was introduced, and a method of energy sale management that intergrades RFID and IEC62055-41 standard transfer specification was developed. The method makes full use of the advantages that radio frequency card is passivity, connectless. It will guide the inhabitant’s electricity management toward automation from the artificial metering work and IC card management, and solves the existing problem that there are too many prepayment protocols to be followed.This thesis consists of 7 chapters. The first chapter introduced the development course of energy meter, analysed several existent prepayment energy management systems, and discussed the structure and principle of the RFID system. The second chapter described the function, structure, process, and development/operation environment of the single-phase prepayment meter based on RFID+STS. The third chapter gave the structure and principle of ADE7755, discussed the characteristic of MSP430F147, and designed the measurement part and information-processing part hardware. The fourth chapter gave the hardware and flowchart of the radio frequency interface. The fifth chapter introduced the framework of wireless communication network, Hardware and software design of communication interface circuit, studied the IEC62056-21, STS, and mathematical principle of 3DES in detail. The sixth chapter analyzed meter’s errors and corresponding solution, discussed anti-disturbance, low-power and information-safty design to improve reliability of the prepayment meter. Finally, the deficiencies of the thesis were summarized, and the improvement methods were proposed.The production practices shows that the radio frequency card reads and writes stably, has strong ability of anti-interference, delivers data credibly, and the management is real-time and convenience.更多还原