【作者】 梁真真；

【导师】 刘彤；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 国际政治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 国际政治主要是大国间政治,国际争端的解决离不开大国的参与。美国作为当今唯一的超级大国,其对外政策在整个国际事务中具有重要的影响力。现实主义和自由主义作为国际关系理论的主流理论,美国作为当今世界具有国际影响力的国际关系理论的主要产地,这方面理论在美国产生有其特定的历史和文化背景,本文从自由主义与现实主义这两大主流国际关系理论出发,结合美国独特的历史和文化背景,认为由于启蒙思想的熏陶、盎格鲁-新教文化的影响再加上美国优越的地理位置和当时美国所处的国际环境导致了自由主义理论的产生;又由于古典政治学的深广影响、两次世界大战的产生及其导致的大量人口迁移美国再加上美国环境和实力的变化,从而使现实主义在美国产生。在对现实主义理论和自由主义理论产生的背景进行分析的基础上对现实主义和自由主义进行了比较分析,认为现实主义和自由主义在政治与经济关系、假设前提、国家行为目标和实现方式以及对国际社会的未来的解释具有不同,但在研究方法、假设前提、国际社会现实和主要行为体以及目的上是相同的,同时,结合二战后美国外交历史实践,试图发掘美国在二战后对外政策的特点和规律性,即美国对外政策制定的双重性和不均衡性。并认为在未来二十年美国外交政策仍然会遵从这一特点和规律。本文通过对美国冷战后外交的分析,希望能对我国的对美外交有所助益。更多还原

【Abstract】 International politics is mainly the policy among Great Powers .International disputes solving can’t be separated from Great Power’s participation. USA is the unique superpower nowadays, whose foreign policy has important influence over entire international affairs. Realism and liberalism are main theories of international relationship which are mainly produced in USA has its specific history and culture backgrounds. This essay makes its points from these two main international relation theories integrated specific history backgrounds of USA, because the gradually influence of initiation thought and the Anglo - Protestantism culture adding the international environment which the US superior geographical position and location produce the liberalism theory. The deep and broad influence of classical politics, the broken out of World War II which caused the massive populations migrating to American and the American environment and the strength change cause the realism becoming .On the foundation of comparative analysis of the background which produces the realism theory and the liberalism theory thinking that the realism and the liberalism have differences in politics and economical relations, supposition premise, national behavior goal and realization ways as well as international society’s future explanation, while have the same in research technique, supposition premise, international society reality and the main behavior bodies as well as the goal . At the same time, after combining the American diplomacy history after World War II practice, attempting to dig out the foreign policy characteristic and the regularity of US after World War II which have double principle and disproportional character. The USA foreign policy will still comply with this character and principle in the future 20 years. This essay tries to dig out the peculiarity and regularity of American diplomacy after World War II to serve for our own diplomacy with USA.更多还原