【作者】 王智超；

【导师】 李增；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自从电影诞生至今,美国喜剧电影一直为全世界人民所喜爱,它将现实生活以讽刺与幽默的手段夸张地再现了出来。更为重要的是好莱坞这个著名的电影工业基地善于采用当时最流行的艺术元素来对电影进行包装,以达到最佳的艺术效果,因此在美国的喜剧电影特别是卓别林和金凯瑞的电影之中我们能看到大量的现代主义和后现代主义元素,这正是制造喜剧效果必不可少的手段。但是无论是从卓别林还是金·凯瑞的电影之中我们看到的都是社会下层普通民众的生活状态,这些小人物用各种幽默甚至是荒谬的方式来来和命运抗争,但是在他们的行为背后所反映出的社会矛盾确是真实地存在于生活之中。由此可见美国喜剧电影体现出一种平民化的本质属性。国内外对美国喜剧电影的研究通常以作品为中心,但是缺少对其在长达一百多年的各个时期里风格和本质的深层次探讨。所以,本论文将致力于平民本质的研究,试图进一步扩展对美国喜剧电影更深层次的认识,从而更好地把其精髓所在。引言部分首先概括地介绍了两次工业革命中美国喜剧电影发展的历程和意义。接下来指出国内外学术评论界对于美国喜剧电影的研究现状以及争议,同时提出本篇论文的主题:美国喜剧电影的平民本质,并且说明美国喜剧电影的现代主义和后现代主义的创作风格之中透露出这种平民本质。在此基础上,阐明本篇论文的研究价值和现实意义,将学术研究的理论与当前中国的社会实际有机地结合起来,从现实的角度来探究美国喜剧电影的内涵。论文的第一章主要分析了美国喜剧电影从一开始就深受各种因素的共同影响。首先它有着深刻的社会和思想基础,这里有第二次和第三次工业革命过程中科技进步的作用,贫富分化产生的社会基本矛盾加剧,同时期民主思想的传播和文艺理论的多元化。其次,电影创作者的生活经历对于他们的作品有着巨大的影响,美国喜剧电影的两位大师卓别林和金凯瑞的人生经历从一开始就受到批评家们的重视。最后通过分析上述的两个方面,我们可以发现平民本质的内涵体现在以下四个方面:对小人物命运的关怀,对资本主义社会阴暗面的关注,对商业竞争社会人与人之间关系的剖析,反抗不公平社会的行为。论文的第二章主要分析了美国早期喜剧电影的现代主义风格特征。在这里简要的说明了现代主义的概念和影响,因为现代主义诞生于第二次工业革命之后,是对现代社会的一种反叛和批判,主张个性化强调个人的自由。这个思潮在当时有着广泛的影响力,所以它也对当时早期美国喜剧电影有着很大的影响。特别是在卓别林生活的时代现代主义开始兴起,所以对于现代主义的关注可以有效的认识早期美国喜剧电影的风格。论文的第三章主要分析了二战之后美国喜剧电影的后现代主义风格特征。后现代主义打破艺术与生活的界限;强调从主观感情到转向客观世界;对个性和风格持漠视或敌视态度;主张艺术平民化,大量适用大众传播媒介。这些观念对于当代的美国喜剧电影有着深刻的影响,我们在金·凯瑞电影之中看到的很多夸张且富有想象力表演,都是后现代主义的风格在电影之中的再现。本文在结论中一方面通过对现代主义、后现代主义和平民本质的了解品析出喜剧电影真正的内涵所在,不再以流行的眼光来评论影视作品;另一方面,在社会转型期的中国所面临的一系列社会问题和矛盾在美国喜剧电影之中都能够体现出来,这种平民本质对于用“以人为本”的精神来“建立和谐社会”还是有积极的建设性作用的。这也是本篇论文的实践价值所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the birth of film, American comedy film has been always enjoyed by the people of the whole world. It reflects the real life in the way of satire and humour in order to make spectators sympathize with the ideas of creators. There is a more important reason that Hollywood is good at using the most popular elements of art to pack films so as to achieve the best artistic effect, so we can see many elements of modernism and postmodernism in American comedy films, especially the films of Charlie Chaplin and Jim Carrey. However, from these films, we all see the living situation of common people at that time. They use all kinds of humourous and even ridiculous way to struggle with their destiny, but behind their action, the social conflict, exists in the daily life. The portrayal of common people shows the pursuit of the commonalty in American comedy film.With regard to American comedy film, the domestic and overseas investigations often focus on the texts of film, but ignore the discussion of theme and styles during the period of one hundred years. Therefore, this thesis will conduct the research into the theme and the styles of American comedy.The part of introduction generalizes the development and significance of American comedy film during the second and third industrial revolution. Through the comparison among the various investigations and debates of academia for American comedy film, the commonalty is showed in this part. And then the subject will be implicated in the creative styles of modernism and postmodernism. While indicating the investigative value and practical significance, the modernist and postmodernist theory may be combined with the social reality in order to search the implication of American comedy film, realistically.Chapter One focuses on the theme of American comedy—the commonalty. Firstly, it has a profound basis of society and thought, including the function of advanced science and technology during the process of industrial revolution, the intension of social conflicts, the development of democracy and socialism, and the pluralistic theory of literature and art. Secondly, the experience of the creators of film has enormous influence on their works. Literary critics always pay attention to the living experiences of Chaplin and Jim Carrey. Finally, through the analysis, the commonalty will show the following four aspects: the solicitude for the destiny of the little, the attention to the seamy side of capitalism, the anatomy of relationship among people in the commercial society, and the reaction against the unequal reality.Chapter Two explains the modernist characteristics of American comedy film in the early time. In this part, with regard to the modernist movement and its influence on the comedy of the time, the emphasis of analysis will be directed at Charlie Chaplin’s comedy. Modernism is a kind of rebellion and critique towards the modern society and has extensive influence at that time. American comedy film also employs the useful elements for reference. Modernism advocates individualization and personal freedom. The attention to modernism is effective to understand the early style of American comedy film.Chapter Three introduces the postmodernist characteristics of American comedy film after World WarⅡ. Postmodernism breaks the boundary between art and life, emphasizes the transformation from subjective feeling to objective world, has the hostile attitude for individuality and style, and advocates the art of commonalty so as to apply to the mass media. These notions have profound influence on American comedy film in the contemporary times. The exaggerative and fantastic action in the films of Jim Carrey is the emersion of the style of postmodernism.In conclusion, the thesis summarizes the real implication of American comedy film through the understanding of modernism, postmodernism, and the commonalty. At the same time, it also touches the realistic problem in China, which can draw some lessons from the American comedy in“building a harmonious society”through the“people-oriented”principle. This is also the practical value of the thesis.更多还原