【作者】 丁建平；

【导师】 张宝林；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 化学工艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在各种固体废弃物中，碱厂废渣氨二泥占了相当大的比重。目前，世界各国氨二泥的处理仍以合理排放、堆放为主。在我国，废渣利用的主要途径有：废渣制工程土、废渣制水泥、废渣制低温水泥及粘合剂、废渣制碳化砖、废渣制钙镁肥等。这些方法并未从根本上解决资源浪费和流失问题。氨二泥综合利用的一个经济可行的方法是生产化工产品磷酸铵镁。磷酸铵镁既可以作为缓释性肥料，也可作为其他的化工原料。与速效肥料相比，缓释性肥料具有养分利用率高、环境污染少等优点。本论文主要研究用氨二泥生产六水合磷酸铵镁。主要原料是河北某厂排放的固体废渣氨二泥，其主要成份及含量为：N％：3.95；MgO％：14.6；CaO％：11.4。通过添加适量工业磷酸、氨水和氨二泥进行反应来制取六水磷酸铵镁。MgO+H₃PO₄+5H₂O+NH₃→MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O本文首先利用相图系统分析了磷酸铵镁的存在位置和合成条件，在研究合成机理的基础上确定了工艺条件可行性实验方案并进行了实验，根据实验结果，确定了工艺路线：先将磷酸加入氨二泥中，搅拌反应一段时间后，过滤，再往滤液中加入浓氨水氨化。其次，通过单因素分析实验寻找反应的影响因素。实验表明，搅拌速度、反应时间对反应的影响不大，反应温度取室温即可。而酸解时间、物料配比、反应pH值对反应的影响较大。在以上实验的基础上，本文利用正交设计方法，设计了正交实验，通过正交实验确定了对反应影响最大的因素：物料配比。在正交实验的基础上，本研究进行了工艺条件优化实验和逼近实验，最终确定了合成磷酸铵镁的最优工艺条件：酸解时间：25min；反应pH值：8.91；物料配比：H₃PO₄∶氨二泥∶氨水=1∶2.1∶2.1（质量比）。利用碱厂固体废弃物氨二泥生产六水合磷酸铵镁，工艺上可行，为氨二泥的综合利用开辟了新的途径。不仅减少了固体废弃物的排放，减少对环境的危害，还变废为宝，带来一定的经济效益。因此，氨二泥的资源化研究具有很强的环保意义和很好的社会经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In all solid waste, residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization from alkali factory has occupied large-scaleo Now, all over the world, rational emission and piling up are the main way to deal with caustic sludge o In china, the following way is often used in reusing waste residue: make engineering soil;make cement; make low-temperature cement; make binder; make carbonization brick; make calcium magnesium phosphate. These methods didn’t solve the problem of resource waste in thoroughlyoAn economical and practiceal way to reuse residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization is making chemical product magnesium ammonium phosphate of the hexahydrate form. magnesium ammonium phosphate not only can be used as slow releasee fertilizer; but also can be used as chem. ical materials. Compared with fast-effective fertileizer, releasee fertilizer have many merits: it has high nutrient use ratio;it can decrease environmental pollution,etc.This article mainly discuss the way making magnesium ammonium phosphate from residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornizationo The materials used in this study is residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization from a chemical fertileizer plant in HeBei. It’s main contents is as follow:N%: 3.95; Mg0%: 14.6; Ca0%: 10.06.To make magnesiumammonium phosphate, We use industy phosphoric acid; ammonia water and residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization,the main chemical equation is as follow :MgO+H₃PO₄+5H₂O+NH₃→MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂OIn this experiment, we first analysed the synthetic mechanism of: magnesium ammonium phosphate and fixed test scheme,then we did possibility experiment of technological factor,determined technological route: phosphoric acid should be added into residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization first, stiring at the same time, then filter, then add thick ammonia water to filtrate. Then we Iookedfor the factors which affected the reaction by single factor test. The result is reaction temperature; stirring speed; acidolysis time; the amount of phosphoric acid; the amount of Ammonium water; pH value etc.Then we used orthogonall design method, designed orthogonall test, found the factor affecting our reaction most,that is the ratio of reactant. After that, an optimization experiment and an approximating test were made to find the optimal technological factor. At last, we found optimal technological factor in our reaction: acidolysis time: 25 minutes; pH value: 8.91; reactant proportion: H₃PO₄: the residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornization: ammonium water=1: 2.1:2.1 （mass ratio）To make chemical product magnesiumammonium phosphate of the hexahydrate form has technological basis,it’s a new way to complex utilization the residue of the synthetic ammonia decarbornizationo Not only can it reduce the discharge of solid waste ,but also it can decrease damage to environment;it can also make regular economic effectiveness. so, study on utilization of solid rejectedmaterial synthetic ammonia decarbornization is meaningful.更多还原