【作者】 徐军；

【导师】 张洪程；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 2004-2006年,在江苏常熟市农业科学研究所和辛庄镇千亩示范方,对机插常优1号高产形成特征及育秧方式、播量、移栽秧龄、等壮秧栽培途径进行了研究。结果如下:1、不同产量水平群体的系统比较研究表明,机插常优1号高产形成具有如下特征:(1)以较高的群体穗数与较大的穗型协调产出足够的群体总颖花量,并保持正常的结实率与粒重,协调形成高产结构,稳定实现高产。因为产量的高低主要决定于群体颖花量的高低。高产群体较一般产量水平群体亩颖花量增加17.40%,产量提高18.60%;超高产群体较亩一般产量水平群体亩颖花量增加34.13%,产量上升36.20%。常优1号从一般产量水平提高到高产直至超高产,结实率与千粒重均几乎一致表现较稳定的持平状态。(2)以合理增加中期物质生长量为重点,提高后期生长量与最终生物学产量,形成机插高产的物质基础。分析不同产量水平与群体生物学产量形成及经济系数的关系发现,产量水平间经济系数变异很小,稻谷产量的提高主要依赖于总生物学产量的增加。高产群体、超高产群体与一般群体相比生物产量差距更明显的是在后期的增加量上,约分别增30%、50%,其次为中期,增量分别达25%、27%。(3)群体光合势随生育阶段的推移逐渐增大,后期达最大值;而群体净同化率表现为先升后降,最小值出现在前期。高产、超高产群体在生育中、后期具有明显优势,而产量一般的群体优势在前期,中、后期生产的干物质则逊于高产和超高产群体。(4)以合理的茎蘖动态与LAI动态,提高群体物质生产力。超高产群体和高产群体比一般产量水平的群体栽后发苗较快,到达高峰苗时期较早,提前了5-10天,此后分蘖数下降反而较平缓,故最终亩穗数明显增多,成穗率较高。高产、超高产群体各生育期的LAI均高于一般产量水平的群体。2、适宜的播量与适龄移栽是形成壮秧的两个途径。其中,播量是关键。试验结果表明,播量80克/盘,在产量方面显著高于其它播量处理,能协同产生较大的库容,拥有高效的物质生产机能,形成群体形态与功能的统一,并且达到了节约种子成本的目的。移栽秧龄与秧苗素质也有着极为密切的关系,相当程度上决定着水稻植株个体的发育基础,最终影响机插水稻的产量形成。本试验中,秧龄20天时移栽,在干物质生产、叶面积指数、株型、氮素吸收、稻米品质等方面较其它处理显示了明显的优势,达到了扩库强源的目的,并最终获得高产。太湖稻区热量与淡水资源条件优越,可以因地制宜的对育秧技术进行创新。通过稀播匀播,适龄移栽,采用高产栽培配套技术,是形成高产的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-yield formation characteristics and cultural techniques for strong rice seedling, such as sowing amounts, seedling age at transplanting and most rice seedling techniques, were studied systemicly for mechanical transplanted Changyou 1 at Changshu institute of agricultural science and 1000 mu demonstration plot of Xinzhuang town at Jiangsu province during 2004 - 2006. The results were as follows:1. High-yield formation characteristics of mechanical transplanted Changyou 1:(1)The higher number of population panicles coordinating with larger panicles can obtain adequate number of total population spikelets, maintain normal seed set and grain weight, form high-yield structure, and achieve high-yield stably. Yield was determined by number of population spikelets. Spikelets and yield of high-yield populations per mu were increased by 17.40% and 18.60% respectively on those of general yield populations. Spikelets and yield of super-high-yield populations per mu were increased by 34.13%, 36.20% respectively over those of general yield populations. The seed set and 1000 grain weight had almost identical performance from general to high till super-high yield level of Changyou 1.(2) It was suggested to firstly increase medium-term growth materials reasonably and improve later growth capacity and the ultimate biological yield to form the material foundation of high-yield. The economic coefficient of different yield levels varied slightly by comparing the three yield levels, the population biological yield formation and their economic coefficient. The rice grain yield improving was mainly dependent on the increasing of total biological yield. Comparing the high-yield and super-high-yield populations with the general populations, biological yield in later stage was increased by 30% and 50% in later stage, followed by the medium-term, up 25%, 27% respectively.(3) Population photosynthetic potential was increased gradually with the passage of growth stage, reaching the maximum late. Population net assimilation rate rose first and then declined, the minimum value was at prophase. High-yield and super-high-yield populations had obvious advantages during the middle and later period, and the general yield population was at early stage, whose dry matter production was less than high-yield and super-high-yield populations.(4) It was also suggested to improve population material productivity with rational dynamic models of rice tiller and LAI. Compared to general yield populations, high-yield and super-high-yield populations burgeoned quickly after transplanting and reached the high peak seedling stage early, 5-10 days ahead of time, after which the total number of tillers declined gently. Therefore high-yield and super-high-yield populations had obviously increased panicles and high percentage of effective panicles per mu. Within a certain extent, the utilization of light was better when the population LAI was higher during growth period in paddy field. LAI of high-yield and super-high-yield populations was higher than general yield populations at every growth stage.2. In order to get strong seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting, the sowing amount was the key. The results showed that the yield of sowing amount of 80 g/plate was significantly higher than the others. It could produce a greater storage capacity and efficient material production capacities to realize the unification of configuration and function of the population and the cost saving of seeds.Between transplanting seedling age and the quality there was a very close relationship, which determined the rice individual development foundation to a great extent, and affected the yield formation of mechanical transplanted rice finally. In this research, transplanting at the 20 days age of seedlings, the dry matter production, leaf area index, plant type, nitrogen absorption and rice quality were performed a significant advantage than other treatments, achieving the purpose of storage expansion and source strength and obtaining high yield finally.The quantity of heat and the fresh water resources condition are superior in Tai Lake rice area, the techniques of raising rice seedlings could be innovated adjusting measures to local conditions. Strong seedlings, which were the basis of high yield formation, could be bred suitable for mechanical transplanting by taking simple and easy two-layer film raising, sparse and even seeding and transplanting at the right age.更多还原