【作者】 周春林；

【导师】 周明耀；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以水稻为供试作物,通过盆栽实验,采用裂区设计,主处理为施氮量,副处理为土壤水分,在分蘖至拔节期进行土壤水分控制。研究水稻生长需水特性,水肥耦合对水稻产量、品质形成特性的调控效应,水肥耦合对水稻株型指标、生育后期植株生理特性、植株体内养分代谢特点的影响,分析了各指标与水稻产量及籽粒品质的关系,对水稻水分胁迫指标进行初步的研究,初步得到较优的水肥耦合配置方案。结果如下:(1)随着土壤含水量的降低,水稻腾发量减少量呈现一定的递减规律,通过回归分析得到,分蘖期土壤含水量占饱和含水量73.35%、拔节期土壤含水量占饱和含水量75.25%为水稻生长临界土壤水分指标。(2)稻米产量及品质受水分、氮素及水氮互作效应影响显著,较优的水肥耦合配置能够保证水稻产量和品质的形成。本试验中,施氮量270kg/hm2和分蘖期水分亏缺6.22～7.13%处理、施氮量200kg/hm2和分蘖期水分亏缺6.22～7.13%和拔节期水分亏缺7.87～8.17%的处理能够满足对于稻米产量及品质的要求。(3)非充分灌溉水肥耦合条件下,水稻优质高产株型指标及生长性状表现为:分蘖后期分蘖数为8.16～8.34个/株,能够有效减少无效分蘖数,提高成穗率,减少无效消耗;株高为高氮(270kg/hm2)82.20～84.20cm及低氮(200kg/hm2)72.02～79.40cm,株高生长与肥料供应配合较优,有效提高肥料的利用效率;叶片叶绿素含量具有前期增长速率较高,后期降低速率较低;拔节末保持较高的蒸腾速率、光合作用速率和较大的气孔导度,较高的光合速率提高植株干物质积累能力。(4)N、P元素更多的积累在水稻籽粒中,能够提高籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉含量;水稻植株中较多的P、K元素积累能够促进水稻植株的生长,提高水稻抗逆性。水肥耦合条件下,分蘖期水分亏缺6.22～7.13%、拔节期水分亏缺7.87～8.17%在两种施肥水平下均能表现出较优的配置效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rice was tested in the pot experiment. The split plot was designed in the pot experiment. The main treatment was nitrogen supplying; the subsidiary treatment was soil moisture during tiller-elongating stage. The study contents were: the demanding characteristics of water in rice, coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the forming characteristics of yield and quality in rice, index of plant type and quality with high quality and yield, physiological characteristics in later stage and nutrient metabolizing trait in plant, the connection of grain yield, quality and each index. The water and fertilizer coupling threshold of harmonizing yield and quality was put forward in this article. The results showed that:(1) The evapotranspiration of rice reduced following the reduce of the soil moisture. The threshold water stress was 73.35% during tillering stage and 75.25% during elongating stage.(2) The yield and quality of rice was affected by water, fertilizer and their interaction effects obviously, the optimum coupling of water and fertilizer will ensure the yield and quality of rice. The yield and quality were best when the nitrogen supplying content was270kg/hm2 and the water deficit was 6.22～7.13% during tillering stage and the nitrogen supplying content was 200kg/hm2 and the water deficit was 7.87～8.17%during elongating stage in this experiment.(3) In the condition of water and fertilizer coupling of deficient irrigation,the indexes of high-quality and yield plant and growing characteristics of rice were: The tiller number of single plant was 8.16 to 8.34 which can reduce the inefficacious tiller , increase the percentage of ear-bearing tiller and reduce the inefficacious expenditure; when the plant height were 82.20 to84.20 cm in high nitrogen supplying (270kg/hm2) and 72.02 to79.40cm in low nitrogen supplying (200kg/hm2) , the plant height and nitrogen harmonize excellent which can improve the efficiency of nitrogen; the leaf chlorophyll content have a rapid increasing rate the prophase and a low reducing rate in the anaphase; keeping a high photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance can increase the capacity of the dry matter production.(4) More nitrogen and phosphorus accumulatd in rice seeds can improve the content of protein and protein. Rice plants accumulating more phosphorus, potassium can contribute to the growth of rice plants and increase stress resistance. In the condition of water and fertilizer coupling of deficient irrigation, the water deficit was 6.22～7.13% during tillering stage and 7.87～8.17%during elongating stage in both fertilization treatments can show the optimum configuration results in this experimental.更多还原