【作者】 刘洁；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过以一定比例的高分子吸水树脂和高分子缓释氮肥加入到作为高分子粘结剂的聚氨酯软质泡沫中，制备出能固沙保水保肥的复合材料。通过电子扫描投射电镜对初始聚氨酯软质泡沫和此复合材料的微观结构行进了研究，表明此种复合方法可以使吸水高分子吸水树脂和高分子缓释化肥均匀地被聚氨酯树脂包裹。研究了所制备的复合材料的吸水性、保水性和缓释效率。并且把所制的保水保肥复合材料用于紫花苜蓿的砂土种植中，观察及研究了此材料对植物的发芽率、生长情况的影响以及对沙土团粒结构的影响。结果表明：此材料在与高性能吸水树脂有相同吸水率的同时，大大提高了保水率，使保水率达到了45％～56％，并且对氮肥起到了缓释效果；当在砂土中加入复合材料的改良砂土后，提高了砂土的保水、保肥能力从而能提高紫花苜蓿的发芽率，使其增产明显，其生产量比对照纯砂土栽培产量有所提高；该复合材料还可以增加0.25～10mm的土壤团粒量起到提高土壤蓄水容量和持水能力。该研究对于改良荒漠化土地的土壤储水及施肥、保肥和固沙防风能力具有较大的意义。本文中所用高分子吸水树脂是利用反相悬浮聚合法合成的羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐高吸水树脂，研究了其制备过程和单体浓度，中和度，引发剂用量，分散剂用量，交联剂用量，反应温度，干燥温度等对树脂吸水性能的影响。当其原料为实验所得的最佳反应条件时得到的高吸水树脂的吸水倍率为380，保水倍率为40.8％；本文合成了高摩尔比(尿素∶甲醛为3∶1)的新型长效缓释脲醛化肥，对其合成过程进行监测，从而得到最佳反应条件。对产物的分析结果表明，它的AI值达到了100％，能有效起到缓释氮肥的作用；因为本实验目的是让吸水树脂和缓释化肥能均匀地被聚氨酯软质泡沫包裹，所以研究了聚氨酯的各配方的用量。通过测定密度，观察成型泡沫的微观结构，调节反应物、催化剂的量达到最佳值。得到了充分发泡，均匀优质的聚氨酯泡沫的同时密度达到了最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, polyurethane was prepared as a high polymer caking agent to combine superabsorbent resin(SAR) and high molecular slow release fertilizer together to improve sand-binding and preserve moisture and fertility. The mircostrutures of the polyurethane foam(PUF) material and the compound materials were characterized by SEM. The results show that SAR and the fertilizer are well-proportioned lied in the PUF foam. Experiments were carried out to investigate the water absorption and retention and the nitrogen release rate of this compound material. Moreover, to test the practicability of this multi-function complex material, we carry out the experiment in the sand clay to plant alfalfa. Observed and studied the effects of this compound material on the seeds germination percentage, plant grown condition and the soil aggregate. The results indicated that this compound material has high efficiency of water absorbing as well as the SAR and the water retention can reached 45%～56%. In the mean time, the nitrogenous fertilizer can release slowly. After applied in alfalfa plant, this multi-function complex material can save water, resist drought, release fertilizer slowly, augment the number and the weight of seeds, increase the output, and enhance the utilization of rainfall. Its productivity compared to the pure sandy soil cultivation output has enhanced. This compound material can also enhance agglomerate quantity of the soil between 0.25～10mm to raise water storage capacity and water retention ability. This research has an important role in preserving moisture and fertility of the desertification land soil, sand-binding and sand windproof.The SAR of the carboxymethyl cellulose grafting acrylic acid (CMC-AA) was copolymer synthesiyed using the method of inverse-phase suspension polymerization. The influences of the monomer concentration, neutralization degree, the initiator, dispersion agent, cross-linking agent, reaction and drying temperature on the grafting copolymer properties were examined. When its raw material for experimental obtained the best response condition Water absorbency of this polyacrylic acid salt SAR is 380 and the water retention is 40.8%. A new methylene urea slow release fertilizer of high mole ration(U/F=3:1) has been synthesized. We have obtained the optimal reaction conditions by monitoring the process. The results show that the new fertilizer’s AI value is 100%. To choose the best ration of raw stuff of the PUF, PUF were formed at various weight rations of the raw stuff, and tested their density and observed their pattern. We find the best ration because we wanted the foam be fully frothed and had the lowest density.更多还原