【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 冯仲仁；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 桥梁与隧道工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 桥梁是道路的重要组成部分，也是国家基础设施建设中的重要部分，在国民经济中发挥着巨大的作用。随着时间的推移以及国民经济的快速发展，桥梁的老龄化问题越来越严重，并逐渐成为一个值得全球高度重视的问题。因此，对这些桥梁进行检测，进行技术分析和经济分析，从而采取最为经济合理的措施(方案)是桥梁管理中的重中之重。但是，目前国内在遇到桥梁抗力退化需要采取一定措施时，指导思想往往都局限在加固费用比重建费用少，而遗漏掉整个桥梁寿命期内其他费用的支出，而这种支出有时也非常惊人。即使考虑到整个寿命期的所有其他费用，在经济性分析中往往没有考虑重建方案。在一定约束条件下，如果其他加固方案都没有重建方案经济，而同时又遗漏了重建方案，则其他比较就没有意义。本文以既有桥梁抗力提高方案优选中的经济性分析问题为研究对象，以工程经济分析原理为理论依据，综合运用了工程技术原理、计算机技术等多学科知识，在现有国内外相关研究的基础上，对方案优选做进一步的研究。主要内容如下：1．总结现有加固技术及其使用范围。2．分析结构抗力退化机理和加固技术的加固原理，建立与加固技术有关的抗力退化模型、加固费用模型。3．根据结构抗力退化原理、工程经济分析原理，在桥梁全寿命期内，考虑所有可能发生的费用，建立桥梁全寿命期费用模型。在此基础上分别建立加固方案、重建方案的全寿命期费用模型以及它们的费用年值模型。4．根据以上理论，对一桥梁实例进行结构状态分析，建立其经济分析模型，并在MATLAB中编制相应的程序，得出经济分析结果。本文建立的桥梁全寿命期各种费用模型都具有广泛的应用价值。其中加固方案费用年值模型和重建方案费用年值模型是在寿命期不一样条件下都可以应用的经济分析模型。本文还通过对一座桥梁的三种方案的经济性分析，提出了桥梁结构提高抗力的各种方案选择的一般原则以供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bridge is not only one of the important integrates of the road, but also important part of the infrastructures for the country, so it plays a vital role in one economy. With the time pass and the rapid progress in economics, the problem of out-aged for bridge is becoming more and more serious, even becomes a problem merits international attention. Thereof, it is of great importance for the management department of bridge to measure, technically and economically analysize the old bridge, then to adopt economic and reasonable measure (scheme). But in home presently, when some measures are necessary to be taken against the degradation of resistance of the bridge, we often are localized on the ideas that the cost of (?)force is less than the reconstruct, and omit frequently the other costs and expenditures during the whole working life, unfortunately, these costs and expenditures occasionally are very large. Even considering the other costs during the whole working life, the measurement of reconstruction is often omitted in economic analysis. Other things constant, if the cost of reinforce is less than that of the reconstruct, while pay no attention to the reconstruct measurement, then it is no use for comparing.This study attempts to investigate the problem of economic analysis in comparative measurement for improving the present bridge resistance. On the theory of engineering economics, accompanied with laws of engineering techniques and computer science, at the same time, retrospect the related literatures, we attempt to go further the study on the above question. The main contents go as follow:Firstly, summarize the present reinforce techniques and its confine for employment.Secondly, analysize the mechanism of degradation of the structural resistance and the theory for the reinforce techniques, built up some models related with reinforce techniques, such as resistance degradation model, reinforce cost model and etc.Thirdly, according to the theory of structural resistance degradation and engineering economics, we consider the possible costs during the bridge working life, and build up the cost model of the whole working life. Thereon, separately set up the cost model of the whole working life and the year-cost models for the corresponding reinforce measure and reconstruct measure.Finally, build on the above theory, we analysize the structural status with a detailed bridge, and set up economic model, while authorize corresponding programme in MATLAB, and deduced economic results.The different cost models of the whole working life built up in this paper have wide applied value. It is important to point out that the year-cost models of the reinforce and reconstruct measure are suitably economic analysis model that could be applied in the conditions of different working life. Especially, by economic analysis with three measures for a certain bridge, this paper points out some general principles about how to choose the reasonable measure to improve structural resistance for references.更多还原