【作者】 余瑞锋；

【导师】 喻方平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 发动机的智能化是新世纪柴油机发展的最重要特征。以在线监测为手段，以安全运行为目标，实现柴油机发动机故障的在线诊断及自动保护与报警是柴油机智能化的重要研究内容。柴油机的瞬时转速信号蕴涵有柴油机燃烧和机械运动状态的相关信息。非接触式转速传感器具有安装简单、适用方便、性能可靠、适用寿命长的特点。利用瞬时转速信号在线监测柴油机与燃烧相关或其它影响缸内压力的状态和故障诊断，是近年来柴油机故障诊断技术中发展趋于成熟、最具实用价值的技术之一。但是，对于缸数较多的柴油机，由于工作时气缸间的相互重叠影响较大，导致信息辨识困难，尤其是造成瞬时转速的波动变化复杂，很难直接得到与缸数相一致的瞬时转速波形，而且在此基础上引出的故障诊断方法在诊断的准确性上也有待提高。因此，瞬时转速诊断技术在柴油机上的应用还需要进一步研究和完善。本文根据瞬时转速的柴油机故障诊断技术机理，针对柴油机的特点，分析研究运用瞬时转速进行状态监测和故障诊断各环节的关键问题，提出了相应的技术方案，并进行了实验验证。论文主要完成的工作如下：(1)瞬时转速信号的测取和数据处理方法的研究、数字滤波器的设计；(2)运用单次谐波相位分析法的原理，提出柴油机单次谐波相位分析法的诊断方法。(3)基于FPGA技术的故障诊断采集系统的硬、软件设计。(4)利用所设计的故障诊断采集系统，对柴油机进行试验验证，结果表明运用单次谐波相位分析法原理对柴油机的缸内故障诊断的方法，有非常好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intelligent engine is the most important features of the development on diesel in the new century. The online diagnosis is the method, while the safety operation is the target, so the on-line diesel malfunction diagnosis, the automatic protection and the intelligent alarming are the significant research topics in the intelligent engine. The instantaneous speed of diesel contains a lot of information related to the status of the combustion and the mechanical movement of the diesel. The type of non-contact tachometer sensor has the characteristic of simply installment, using suitable, conveniently reliable, and long life cycle. The online supervision of the engine status, which related to the combustion and the affected cylinder that the pressure is changed, and the malfunction diagnosis by using the instantaneous speed, has been developed into the most practical and valuable technology and tended to mature in the diesel engine malfunction diagnosis technology in recent years.However, concerning to diesel engine, because the cylinder number is more, the mutually affects is bigger, the change of the instantaneous speed is much more undulation. As a result, it is difficult to obtain the instantaneous speed profile, which is consistent with the cylinder number directly. Moreover, the original malfunction diagnosis method is not very reliable. Therefore, the diagnosis technology based on instantaneous speed also needs further study and the consummation in the application of the multi-cylinder machine.In view of the characteristic of the multi-cylinder machine, the article has conducted the research and analysis the key technology on the status inspection and the malfunction diagnosis of the diesel engine, which based on the instantaneous speed, and advanced the corresponding technological project and validated it through the experiment. The paper has mainly completed the following work:(1)It has analyzed the measure and processes of the instantaneous speed signal, and the digital filter design;(2) It has proposed the practical application of the analysis single overtone phase analytic method on multi-cylinders diesel engine by using the principle of the single overtone phase analytic method;(3) It has related the hardware design and software design of the malfunction diagnosis gathering system based on the FPGA technology in detail;(4) It has carried on the experimental confirmation on multi-cylinders diesel engine by using the malfunction diagnosis gathering system. It concluded that the method of the malfunction diagnosis by using of the principle of the single overtone phase analytic method, has good effect on multi-cylinders diesel engineThis dissertation is supported financial by the tackle key project "The system research on the On-line inspection and Fault diagnosis technology of the multi-cylinder ternal Combustion Engine based on the instantaneous speed" in science and technology of HuBei Province. (Number: 2004AA101C28)更多还原