【作者】 韩海琴；

【导师】 翟士钊；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自古以来,人们一直在问这样一些问题:“自然与人类之间存在何种关系?人类文明与自然环境之间又是一种什么样的关系呢?”在人类历史的长河中一直存在着两种相互对立的观点:自我中心主义和生态中心主义。前者强调自我(人类)相对于其它生物的优越性,而后者强调整个生物圈内所有生物的平等性。梭罗作为环保圣人,远离文明的喧嚣,诗意地生存于瓦尔登湖畔,将自己的全部身心都融入大自然的怀抱,聆听自然的教诲,思索人类的命运,呼吁人们返朴归真,到自然中去寻找生活的意义和丰富的精神世界。然而,梭罗并不能逃脱其主流文化(人类中心主义)的影响。在《瓦尔登湖》一书中,梭罗在自然与文化之间不断转换焦点,这一事实恰恰反映了他在处理天人关系时所表现出的矛盾心理。这一矛盾的天人关系观基于西方主客体二元对立的思维模式:自然与文化,自我与他我之间的二元对立。它并没有从真正意义上解决人与自然的紧张关系,被后人指责为人类中心主义的另一种表现形式和引起环境恶化的理论基础。论文通过分析梭罗自我中心主义与生态中心主义两种相互对立的自然观,研究了西方天人观,启发人们对这一领域进行新的认识。论文由五部分组成。第一章论述了论文研究的意义、主题研究背景及论文组织结构。论文第二章基于自我中心主义的角度对《瓦尔登湖》进行了详细的解读,论文围绕自我、自我发展的主题进行论述。在论文的第三章中,作者从生态中心主义的角度对《瓦尔登湖》进行论述,其主题从对先验自我的强调转向了对整个自然世界的生态理解。对自然界的全面理解是其着重点。对《瓦尔登湖》的自我中心主义与生态中心主义的解读方法引起了自我与他我、文化与自然之间的二元对立,而这一观点正体现了梭罗复杂甚至相互矛盾的自然观。在《瓦尔登湖》一文中,梭罗通过悖论这一写作技巧融合了其生态中心主义与自我中心主义两种相互矛盾的心理。对梭罗矛盾自然观的论述是第四章的主要内容。论文的第五章对梭罗矛盾的自然观作了评价并且反思了西方的自然哲学观。在论文的最后作者指出和谐的天人关系并不在于生态中心主义与自我中心主义之间的斗争,而在于吸收各种自然哲学观以促使形成一个新的具有实际价值的理论框架来支撑这一和谐的天人观。更多还原

【Abstract】 “What is the relationship between humans and nature? What is the connection between civilization and natural environment?”These are some of the ancient questions that people have been asking constantly. Two polar opinions have been co-existing in the long history of human beings. One is egocentrism which emphasizes the superiority of the ego (humans) over other creatures and the other is ecocentrism which focuses on the equality among creatures within the ecosphere. Thoreau as an environmental saint, poetically lives at Walden Pond, far away from the noise of civilization. He devotes all his life to observing nature and thinking about humans’fates and called on humans to live in nature in order to suck the marrow of life and enrich their spiritual life. However, Thoreau is not free from the influence of the mainstream culture—anthropocentrism. He constantly changes his focus either on culture or on nature in Walden, which represents his ambivalent attitude toward human-nature relationship. This ambivalent human-nature relationship is based on the western thinking mode (subject\object dualism)—nature\culture, self\other dichotomy. Yet it did not really solve the tense human-nature relationship we are facing today. Instead, it is condemned to be another form of anthropocentrism and serve as the main reason of the contemporary environmental degradation.This thesis tries to explore Thoreau’s ambivalent attitude toward nature, namely, the egocentric stance and the ecocentric one in order to have a glance on the western human-nature relationship and rethink on the western natural philosophy. This paper consists of five Chapters. Chapter One is about the motivation that has encouraged this thesis and literature review as well as the arrangement of my paper. Chapter Two is the egocentric reading of Walden, which takes the self as the central thematic concern, putting emphasis on the explorations of the self. Chapter Three tries the ecocentric reading of Walden, which moves away from a Transcendentalist focus on the self and toward a more ecological understanding of the natural world. A complex and comprehensive understanding of nature is the focus in the Chapter. The egocentric and ecocentric readings of Walden result in the self\other, nature\culture dichotomy, which is characteristic of Thoreau’s complicated and even conflicting attitudes toward nature. Paradox, the writing technique that Thoreau employs, serves to bring together the egocentric and ecocentric sides of his psyche. Chapter Four mainly explores Thoreau’s paradoxical attitude toward human-nature relationship. In Chapter Five, the author of this paper makes an evaluation on Thoreau’s ambivalent natural view and rethinks on the western natural philosophy. The thesis concludes that the harmonious human-nature relationship does not lie in the debate between egocentrism and ecocentrism, rather in absorbing various natural philosophies to forge a new and practical theoretical framework to support it.更多还原