【作者】 李东风；

【导师】 关合凤；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国黑人女作家,托尼.莫里森现在是当今美国乃至世界文学舞台上的一名杰出的小说家。黑人和妇女的双重身份使她的写作可以深入黑人妇女的心灵。发表于2003年的小说《爱》是她的最新作品。国内外的文学评论界对她的前七部小说(《最蓝的眼睛》、《秀拉》、《所罗门之歌》、《柏油娃》、《宠儿》、《爵士乐》和《乐园》)从各个角度进行了广泛而深入的研究。《爱》在美国反响强烈,但在中国却很少有人对它进行学术研究。到目前为止,还没有人从黑人女性主义的角度对其进行研究。因此,本文试图从这个角度对这部小说进行分析。作为女性主义的一个分支,黑人女性主义文学理论兴起于二十世纪七十年代的美国。它主要研究美国社会强加于黑人妇女身上的性别歧视、种族歧视、和阶级偏见等多重压迫,揭示黑人妇女在这些压迫下所受的苦难,并为她们提供一些摆脱苦难的方法。作为一名美国黑人女作家,托尼·莫里森在其作品中一直在关心着美国黑人妇女特殊的生活状态和情感历程。她的小说总在密切关注着黑人妇女的自我意识`她们在多重压迫下对独立和自我身份认同的追寻以及多重压迫对黑人妇女之间姐妹情谊和母女关系的影响等问题。她的这些关注点与黑人女性主义的主旨是吻合的。在她的小说中,她努力地唤醒黑人妇女的自我意识。被一些美国批评家称为莫里森写作的顶峰的《爱》也不例外。在这部小说中主要有四个黑人女性人物:希德,梅,克里斯丁和朱尼尔。她们的生活或多或少地受到了比尔·科西的影响。这是一个在二十世纪四十年代末和五十年代初取得了自己的声誉和财富的黑人。他是美国黑人男权统治的象征。为了得到自我身份的认同,《爱》中的黑人妇女须要摆脱他的影响,为此他们须要付出艰苦的努力。本论文共分五章:第一章简要地介绍一下黑人女性主义文学理论,包括它兴起的背景,主要关注对象,对独立的黑人妇女文学的发展的普遍意义,具有代表性的理论家和作家以及她们各自对黑人女性主义文论发展所做出的贡献。第二章简要地介绍一下托尼·莫里森,包括她的生活和写作经历,她的文学成就,她写作的原则和特点以及对她作品的学术研究成果。此章还会介绍一下《爱》的主要情节和对它的评论。第三章主要探讨黑人妇女的自我意识和她们对自我身份认同的追寻。此章从对黑人妇女在传统黑人社区中的弱势地位开始,接着分析了小说中的四个主要黑人妇女人物,包括她们各自的家庭背景,她们对父权制黑人社区价值观的态度,她们最后的命运,以及对她们的综合评价。第四章简要地分析了希德和克里斯丁之间的姐妹情谊以及梅和克里斯丁之间的母女关系。此章还强调了黑人妇女在反对种族歧视和性别歧视的斗争中团结起来的必要性。第五章是本文的结论部分。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toni Morrison, the first black American woman writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, is now one of the most outstanding novelists on the contemporary American as well as the world literary stage. Her double identities as both a black and a woman provide her with great advantages to penetrate deeply into the hearts of black women. Published in 2003, Love is her latest novel. Massive academic study has been done to her 7 novels(The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, Jazz and Paradise) before Love among literary critical circles from various perspectives at home and abroad. But in spite of a warm reception of Love in the United States, it has rarely been discussed academically in China. Up to now, no one has studied it from the perspective of black feminsm. Therefore, this thesis intends to make such an attempt.As a branch of feminism, black feminist literary theory emerges in the 1970s in the United States. It mainly studies the multiple oppressions of sexism, racism and class prejudices imposed on black women in the American society, reveals the sufferings of black women caused by the multiple oppressions and provides methods to help black women. As a black American woman writer, Toni Morrison has always been concerned with black American women’s particular experiences and emotions in her works. Her novels have always been heavily focusing on such problems as black women’s self-consciousness, their search for independence and self-identity under the multiple oppressions of racism, sexism and class prejudices, and the influence of the multiple oppressions upon the sisterhood as well as mother-daughter relationship between black women. Her major concerns in writing overlap with those of black feminism. In her novels, she tries to awaken self-consciousness of black women. Love, which is acclaimed as the peak of Morrison’s writing by some critics in the United States, is no exception. In this novel, there are mainly four black women figures: Heed, May, Christine and Junior. Their lives are more or less influenced by Bill Cosey, a black man who has made his fame and wealth in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He is the symbol of black male dominance in America. In order to obtain their self-identity, the black women in Love have to make great efforts to get out of his shadow.This essay is divided into 5 chapters:Chapter 1 gives a brief account of black feminist literary theory, including the background for its emergence, its major concerns, its universal significance to the development of an independent black women’s literature, the representative theorists and writers among this school and their respective contributions to the development of black feminism.Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to Toni Morrison, including her life story, her writing experiences, her literary achievements, her principles and characteristics in writing and critical reviews on her works. A summary of the main plot of Love and the commentaries about it will also be dealt with in this part.Chapter 3 focuses on the problems of black women’s self-consciousness and their search for self-identity. This chapter begins with a description of black women’s inferior position in the traditional black community. Then an analysis of the four black women figures of the novel—Heed, Christine, May and Junor—will be given, including their family backgrounds, their respective attitudes toward the values in a patriarchal black community, their fates in the end, and a general evaluation of them.Chapter 4 analyses the sisterhood between Heed and Christine, and the mother-daughter relationship between May and Christine briefly. The necessity for black women to unite in their fights against racism and sexism is stressed in this part.Chapter 5 is the conclusion of the essay.更多还原